1. ROCKS

3. What is a rock? ► A mixture of minerals ► OR organic material

4. . Minerals make up rocks. Natural compounds and elements combine to form minerals. Elements combine to form the natural compounds. Rocks make up the Earth. There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology Atoms make up elements.

5. IGNEOUS ROCKS ► Made from the cooling of molten rock ► Tough rock! ► Interlocking crystals ► Intrusive- cool from magma (underground); large crystals ► Extrusive- cool from lava (surface); small crystals ► HOW DOES COOLING RATE AFFECT crystal SIZE?

6. IGNEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

7. IGNEOUS CLASSIFICATION ► TEXTURES  Coarse – big (can see with naked eye) crystals  Fine – small crystals  Vesicular- holes  glassy ► COLOR- based on composition of magma/lava  Mafic (basaltic)- dark- dense  Felsic (granitic)- light-high in silicia less dense

9. ► OBSIDIAN IS AN EXCEPTION- ► Dark color is from impurities ► Felsic rock (99% quartz)

11. Lava flows in Michigan!

13. Hawaii

15. Igneous Rocks Rhyolite Gabbro Granite Basalt

16. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ► Made from sediments gritty ► Not tough (fragile) ► Forms from- Compaction- due to pressure (shale) Cementation- solution sticks grains together Evaporation- water evaporates leaves rock Precipitation- saturated solution (limestone)

17. CLASSIFICATION OF SEDS ► TEXTURES  Clastic (Detrial) - made of pieces ► gritty  crystalline (Chemical)- from water ► Smooth; may see crystals  Bioclastic - evidence of life

18. Grand Canyon

19. conglomerate

20. coquina

21. sandstone

22. limestone

23. coal

24. METAMORPHIC ROCKS ► Igneous or sed. rock that has changed ► Forms from heat and/or pressure ► Form deep underground near the mantle- BUT DO NOT MELT!

25. Types of metamorphism ► Contact- existing rock comes in contact with hot magma  Small scale  Change from heat ► Regional- from tectonic plate collision  Large scale  Change from heat AND pressure

26. CLASSIFICATION OF MET. ROCKS ► Foliated  Flattening of minerals ► NON- foliated  Not flattened, crystals get bigger

28. Evidence of pressure foliation

29. slate

30. marble

32. schist

33. gneiss

34. Mrs. Bouda’s favorite Rock!

35. Generalized Bedrock Geology of Michigan Igneous and Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary rocks In Michigan, sedimentary rocks make up the bedrock in the eastern northern, and southern peninsulas.