1. Class 11 Local Area Networks Content WiFi Roaming in the Middle East Special Topic: WiFi Roaming in the Middle East

2. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 2 ======!"§==Systems= Arabcom 2004

3. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 3 WiFi and Roaming: basic concepts. WiFi Market Overview in the Middle-East. WiFi Roaming: an opportunity and a need. How to roam? Turnkey WiFi Roaming Solutions. Agenda

4. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 4 Wireless Fidelity A technology to provide Wireless LAN service Allows access to private networks and to the public Internet Radio technology (2,4 - 5 GHz), based on IEEE 802.11 specs High bandwidth (several MBit/sec) but low coverage (<300m) What is WiFi?

5. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 5 Public Hotspot: A location equipped with a WiFi network for access to the public Internet.  Can either be free, or for a fee.  Can be pre-paid or post-paid access fee. Private Hotspot: A location equipped with a WiFi network for access to a private network.  Home Hotspots.  Company Hotspots. What is Hotspot? Hotspo t

6. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 6 Provider A’s Hotspot in France Gas station Provider B’s Hotspot in the Lebanon Coffee Shop Hotel Provider C’s Hotspot in Asia The traveling end user wants to access the Internet through domestic and internationally based hotspots. But he has only an account with the blue provider B. Roaming would allow this end user to access the Internet through his home account while using Hotspots not belonging to his home provider. What is WiFi Roaming?

7. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 7  Operate Hotspots  Don’t “own” end-customers  Don’t bill end users n Examples:  Kubiwireless in Spain  The Cloud in the UK  Don’t operate Hotspots  Have a large customer base  Bill the end users n Examples - Providers are typically:  ISP’s like T-Online, Wanadoo, etc  Mobile Operators like Optimus, etc. n T-Mobile in Germany and the US, SFR in France, OTENet in Greece, Telefonica in Spain, etc. Who are the Players of the Hotspot Market? WISPs Providers Both: WISPs + Providers

8. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 8 WiFi and Roaming: Basic Concepts. WiFi Market Overview in the Middle-East. WiFi Roaming: An Opportunity and A Need. How to Roam? Turnkey WiFi Roaming Solutions. Agenda

9. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 9 * Source: Gartner Dataquest 2003 WiFi is experiencing significant growth, driven by cost and convenience factors. Market Trends

10. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 10 Number of Hotspots in Middle East Growth in Public WLAN in the Middle East, 2003-2008

11. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 11 Drivers for WiFi rapidly growing deployment:  Rapidly improving components (smaller, faster, cheaper)  All new laptops are WiFi enabled (Centrino processors)  Relatively low risk and low cost of deployment  Source of differentiation b y offering an innovative VA service  Mobility of workforce  In the Middle-East most WISP’s, Carriers, Mobile Operators and ISP’s are implementing WiFi strategies. Market Trends

12. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 12 WiFi and Roaming: Basic Concepts. WiFi Market Overview in the Middle-East. WiFi Roaming: An Opportunity and A Need. How to Roam? Turnkey WiFi Roaming Solutions. Agenda

13. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 13 You are a WISP hotspot At the hotel At the airport hotspot You are a WISP, operating one or several hotspots. Roaming partner A Roaming partner B Roaming partner C First Opportunity: Revenues through ‘In-Roaming’ How to Improve your Revenue? Allow Customers of various providers to use your Hotspots through WiFi Roaming agreements

14. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 14 You are a Provider WISP hotspot WISP hotspot WISP hotspot Second Opportunity: Revenues through ‘Out- Roaming’ You are a Provider, typically an ISP or Mobile Operator. How to Improve your Revenue and ARPU? Allow your Customers to use Hotspots of various WISPs through WiFi Roaming agreements

15. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 15 WiFi Roaming: A Need  Hotspot operators (WISP’s) need customers to use their Hotspots!  ISP’s and Mobile Operators need Hotspots for their customers!  No one has WiFi a worldwide coverage  There is a need for international WiFi Roaming  This is similar to the GSM Roaming concept.  Most countries are not monopolistic for WiFi  There is also a need for in-country WiFi Roaming  This is different from GSM Roaming concept.

16. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 16 WiFi and Roaming: Basic Concepts. WiFi Market Overview in the Middle-East. WiFi Roaming: An Opportunity and A Need. How to Roam? Turnkey WiFi Roaming Solutions. Agenda

17. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 17 100 players means nearly 5000 connections ! WISP Mobile ISP How to Roam: First Possibility Negotiate Multiple Bilateral Agreements for Roaming

18. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 18 Clearing-House solution WISP Mobile ISP How to Roam: Second Possibility Use a Single Clearing-House for Multiple Roaming Possibilities

19. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 19 How to Roam: What Strategy?  Clearing-House Solutions for WiFi Roaming are used to reach many players (WISPs and/or Providers) through one agreement.  Easy and cheap! Only one agreement is necessary, and the solutions on the market provide billing, clearing, etc.  Bilateral WiFi agreements for WiFi roaming are in general used for strategic partnerships.  For example large European Mobile operators are signing bilateral agreements for WiFi Roaming.

20. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 20 WiFi and Roaming: Basic Concepts. WiFi Market Overview in the Middle-East. WiFi Roaming: An Opportunity and A Need. How to Roam? Turnkey WiFi Roaming Solutions. Agenda

21. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 21 WiFi Roaming Solutions on the Market  Airpath  Boingo  GRIC  iPass  Picopoint  WeRoam …and many others…

22. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 22 T-Online T-MobileT-Com Deutsche Telekom T-Systems Fixed Network Access Internet Service Provider Mobile Communications IT & TC solutions (ITC ) The divisions of Deutsche Telekom Four-division Strategy

23. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 23 T-Systems’ WiFi Roaming Solution Benefits Potentially millions of additional end customers, but through only one connection, one contract, one bill. Great value added service to differentiate form competition. No initial investment in most cases, no monthly fee. Strong R & D resources: customized solutions available Additional revenues. And the guarantee of a stable and a long lasting partner. Benefits for WISPs, ISPs and Mobile Operators Benefits for End-Users: Easy, fast and highly secure access worldwide. Usage of home provider Login and Password. Post-paid invoicing by the home provider.

24. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 24 T-Systems‘ WiFi Roaming Solution Footprint We Target by end 2004: WISP: over 10 000 Hotspots. ISP’s and Mobile Operators: over 100 million users. Current Partners of T-Systems’ Roaming Platform: Providers: T-Mobile, T-Online, Eplus, DNA, etc. WISP: T-Mobile, Berlinet, Viewquest, Airnix, Frankfurt Airport, etc. …and we are in contact with most of the players in the Middle East. We also focus on strategic presence: Events: Eurocup in Portugal, Olympics in Athens, etc. Locations: Airports, Hotels, Congress centers, etc. …and we are CBB’s first partner  you can surf while flying!!

25. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 25 Farah Fadi T-Systems International Fadi Farah International Carrier Sales & Solutions T-Systems International Phone: +33 6 15 36 54 12 E-mail:ffarah@t-systems.fr

26. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 26 WiFi Roaming Back-up slides

27. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 27 T-systems  Buys from WISPs access to their hotspots  Sells to ISPs and Mobile Operators, access to WISP hotspots Buying and Selling of Online Minutes. WLAN Roaming Platform Selling of WLAN Minutes Buying of WLAN Minutes Provid er WIS P hotspo t

28. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 28 Authentication: Information Flow. WISP Provider 2 Hotspot Access Cube Access Points User Laptop 1 3 WLAN Roaming Platform 1 2 3 Legend WLAN Authentication WLAN Authorization Internet Internet Traffic

29. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 29 Billing: Financial flows. Money flow WLAN Roaming- Platform Provider e.g. GSM carrier e.g. ISPs Legal relationship WISP Clearing-House pays WISP their share €/$ End-user pays his provider/carrier €/$

30. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 30 General Course Information n Instructor Info n General & University Info n Book & Course Material n Course Schedule n Grading & Exams n Homework

31. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 31 Overview of LANs and MANs n The Need for Networking – Driven by the decreasing cost of computer hardware and the dramatic increase in its capabilities – Factors driving the creation of a new set of advanced desktop applications (with more on the way): n Image Processing n Speech Recognition n Videoconferencing & Multimedia n Three characteristics are of greatest use in classifying communication networks : – Geographic Reach – Topology – Transmission Medium

32. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 32 LANs, MANs, and WANs Classification based on Geographic Reach n Characteristics of Wide Area Networks (WANs) – Large Geographic Area – Requires the crossing of public right-of-ways – Partially or fully relies on common carrier circuits – Slower speeds than LANs & MANs, although the spread of fiber optic facilities is beginning to change this – Examples of WAN technologies: n ISDN (BRI & PRI) n SONET n Frame Relay n ATM

33. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 33 Comparison

34. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 34 LANs, MANs, and WANs Classification based on Geographic Reach n Characteristics of Local Area Networks (LANs) – Small Geographic Area – A LAN is completely owned and operated by a single organization – The data rates of a LAN are usually an order of magnitude higher than a WAN n Characteristics of Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) – Occupy the middle ground between LANs and WANs – MANs typically adapt and extend LAN technologies to cover a larger geographic area – Have provided greater bandwidth at lower costs within metropolitan areas

35. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 35 LANs, MANs, and WANs Applications n Personal Computer Local Networks – Even with the proliferation of low cost PCs that allow staff members to do their own processing, there are still important reasons for networking these computer systems n File and data sharing n Share expensive network resources (printers, storage, etc.) n Real-time and near real-time collaborative efforts n Easy file and data protection (networked backups) – Financially, the networking of low-cost PCs usually necessitates a low cost network technology

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37. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 37 LANs, MANs, and WANs Applications n Back-end & Storage Area Networks (SANs) – Used in large computer installations (e.g. mainframes) – Key requirement is high-speed bulk data transfer between a small number of systems in a limited area – Unlike traditional server-attached storage, SANs provide storage attached directly to the network (Increases efficiency) – Key reasons for implementing a SAN n Online backup systems n Load leveling across multiple systems (storage ‘farms’) n Wider accessibility of large amounts of data – These requirements drive SANs to high bandwidth and high cost installations

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39. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 39 LANs, MANs, and WANs Applications n High-Speed Office Networks – Newer (particularly multimedia) applications are driving the development of higher speed LANs that are replacing the older PC Local Networks – Use different technologies than SANs because they are meant to service a larger number of systems dispersed over a wider area

40. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 40 LANs, MANs, and WANs Applications n Backbone Local Networks – Diverse requirements in typical organizations have led to the adoption of a multi-tiered LAN architecture – Advantages of the multi-tiered LAN over the single-LAN architecture n Greater reliability n Greater capacity n Lower overall cost – The core of the multi-tiered LAN architecture is the backbone -- a high bandwidth network connecting together lower-speed, lower-cost LANs – If the organization is geographically dispersed the backbone may be a MAN

41. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 41 LANs, MANs, and WANs Local Network Architecture n Information Distribution – When setting requirements for a network installation, user traffic patterns must be explored n What type of data will traverse the network? n How is this data distributed? n What is to be connected (PCs, servers, mainframes, all of the above, etc.)? – As mentioned earlier, a multi-tiered network is typically the best approach to meeting organizational needs n Typically a two or three tiered architecture is used n Usually evolve in one of two ways, depending on how centralized the organization’s IT rules are: – Bottom-up – Top-down

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43. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 43 LANs, MANs, and WANs LANs, WANs, and the Internet n Most organizations are geographically distributed & must deal with connecting together widely dispersed LANs n Most organizations have two choices for WAN connectivity – A private WAN – A public network or the Internet

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45. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 45 LANs, MANs, and WANs LANs, WANs, and the Internet n A private WAN – Provides a dedicated connection from leased lines or a similar service – Good for security & sites with high & predictable inter-site traffic – Can be expensive, especially for smaller organizations & sites n A public network or the Internet – Provides an inexpensive & quick solution for connectivity – Can also provide an access path for mobile workers – Performance is an issue with real-time traffic or large data transfers – Virtual private networks (VPN) used to address security: n Encapsulation & tunneling are the key concepts n IPsec is an example of a network layer VPN technology

46. 635.412 Spring 2005 Class 1: Introduction to LANs & WANs 46