1. Animation & 3D Animation
In the name of God
Animation & 3D Animation
Azam Bastanfard

2. Outline Introduction Animation The most important senior groups
Animation techniques
Summary
Walking, running,…examples.

3. Aims Animation and 3D Animation techniques Research
At the beginning, I’d like to show you the contents of my presentation.
First, I’ll talk about the background of blind source separation.
Next, I’ll show the overviews of independent component analysis, ICA in short.
There are two kinds of ICA methods.
The first one is time-domain ICA, TDICA in short, and the other is frequency-domain ICA, FDICA in short.
Then I’ll show the disadvantages of each method.
In order to resolve them, we propose a new BSS method called multistage ICA.
Then the separation experiment under real acoustic conditions will be shown to evaluate the proposed method.
Finally, I’d like to conclude my talk.

4. Attendance and weekly report homework 1 Exam 10 Seminars 2
Evaluation
Attendance and weekly report homework 1
Exam
Seminars
Survey Research paper
Implementation
Research paper
(Below 6 on the final exam means students have failed the course, despite full marks on assignment.)
At the beginning, I’d like to show you the contents of my presentation.
First, I’ll talk about the background of blind source separation.
Next, I’ll show the overviews of independent component analysis, ICA in short.
There are two kinds of ICA methods.
The first one is time-domain ICA, TDICA in short, and the other is frequency-domain ICA, FDICA in short.
Then I’ll show the disadvantages of each method.
In order to resolve them, we propose a new BSS method called multistage ICA.
Then the separation experiment under real acoustic conditions will be shown to evaluate the proposed method.
Finally, I’d like to conclude my talk.

5. Introduction to animation and 3D animation Research selection
Research Program
Introduction to animation and 3D animation
Research selection
Weekly report is obligatory.
Survey paper
Novelty
Implementation ( both Programming & Using Software)
Research paper
At the beginning, I’d like to show you the contents of my presentation.
First, I’ll talk about the background of blind source separation.
Next, I’ll show the overviews of independent component analysis, ICA in short.
There are two kinds of ICA methods.
The first one is time-domain ICA, TDICA in short, and the other is frequency-domain ICA, FDICA in short.
Then I’ll show the disadvantages of each method.
In order to resolve them, we propose a new BSS method called multistage ICA.
Then the separation experiment under real acoustic conditions will be shown to evaluate the proposed method.
Finally, I’d like to conclude my talk.

6. References
Victor Kerlow, Art of 3D Computer Animation and Imaging, Jhon Wiley& Sons Inc.
Frederick Park, K. Waters, Computer Facial Animation, A.K. Peter Limited.1994.
Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, Disney animation: The Illusion of Life, Hyperion, 1981.
+papers
At the beginning, I’d like to show you the contents of my presentation.
First, I’ll talk about the background of blind source separation.
Next, I’ll show the overviews of independent component analysis, ICA in short.
There are two kinds of ICA methods.
The first one is time-domain ICA, TDICA in short, and the other is frequency-domain ICA, FDICA in short.
Then I’ll show the disadvantages of each method.
In order to resolve them, we propose a new BSS method called multistage ICA.
Then the separation experiment under real acoustic conditions will be shown to evaluate the proposed method.
Finally, I’d like to conclude my talk.

7. Introduction Animation is about bringing things to life Technically:
Generate a sequence of images that, when played one after the other, make things move
One image is called a frame

8. Animation Issues
When evaluating an animation technique or application, the following things should be considered:
How fast can the images be generated?
How easy is it to control the appearance of the animation?
How much human expertise is required to generate the animation?
Can the animation be generated interactively?
Application driven: Different applications have different requirements:
Feature film animation is different from interactive gaming animation

9. The most important senior groups (The 11 Principles )
Developed at Disney over the 1920s and 1930s
Described by John Lasseter (Pixar) 1987
Squash-and-Stretch, Timing, Anticipation, Follow Through and Overlapping Action, Straight Ahead Action and Pose-to-Pose Action, Slow In and Out, Arcs, Exaggeration, Secondary Action, Appeal
Basically, principles are driven by:
Perceptual factors, such as directing the viewer’s attention and smoothing the motion for easier perception
Conveying emotion through motion

10. Basic Animation Techniques
Keyframe animation
Animator specifies important positions throughout the animation – the keyframes
Someone or something fills in the intermediate frames – inbetweening, or just tweening
Motion capture
System captures motion data from a real enactment of the animation
The data then drives a virtual character
Procedural animation
A set of equations or rules are evaluated to determine how the animation behaves

11. Keyframing
The original way to animate, and still the most common form for feature animation
Process has shifted to computers, but basic approach is the same
Underlying technique is interpolation
The in-between frames are interpolated from the keyframes
Now done with computers

12. Interpolation
Interpolating splines are smooth curves that interpolate their control points
Perfect for keyframe animation
Typically, time is directly associated with the parameter value, controlling speed 2 3 1
Keyframes
Animation

13. More Interpolation Anything can be keyframed and interpolated
Position, Orientation, Scale, Deformation, Patch Control Points (facial animation), Color, Surface normals…
Special interpolation schemes for things like rotations
Use quaternions to represent rotation and interpolate between quaternions
Control of parameterization controls speed of animation

14. Motion Capture Extract data from real-world people acting out a scene
Many techniques for getting the data:
Optical – take video and extract motion
Magnetic/Radio – attach magnets, transponders and use sensors to get location
Mechanical methods of extracting motion (for small motions)
Most methods have some problems, all are limited in the complexity of the scenes they can capture
Solution: Break scenes into smaller pieces and re-construct later

15. Motion Capture Example

16. Motion Capture in Use
Motion capture is one of the primary animation techniques for computer games
Gather lots of snippets of motion capture
Arrange them so that they can be pieced together smoothly
At run time, figure out which pieces to play to have the character do the desired thing
Problems: Once the data is captured, it’s hard to modify for a different purpose

17. Procedural Animation
Animation is generated by writing a program that uses the position/ shape/whatever of the scene over time
Generally:
Program some rules for how the system will behave
Choose some initial conditions for the world
Run the program, maybe with user input to guide what happens

18. Procedural Animation Advantage & Disadvantage
Advantage: Once you have the program, you can get lots of motion
Disadvantage: The animation is generally hard to control, which makes it hard to tell a story with purely procedural means

19. Particle Systems(1) The most common form of procedural animation
Used for everything from explosions to smoke to water

20. Particle Systems(2) Basic idea:
Everything is a particle
Particles apply forces of some form on each other, and the world, and the world might push back
Simulate the system to find out what happens
Attach something to the particles to render
Different force rules and different renderings give all the different types of behaviors

21. Particle System Fountain

22. Spring-Mass Systems Model objects as systems of springs and masses
The springs apply forces, and you control them by changing their rest length
A reasonable, but simple, physical model for muscles
Advantage: Good looking motion when it works
Disadvantage: Expensive and hard to control

23. Spring mass fish
Due to Xiaoyuan Tu,

24. Physically-Based Models
Create a model based on the physics of a situation, and just solve for what happens
Has been applied to:
Colliding rigid objects
Cloth
Water
Smoke
Humans
New ones every year
Problem: Expensive, hard to control, and not necessarily realistic

25. Mixing Techniques
Techniques can be mixed and matched in the same animation
For example, apply physical secondary motion on top of key-framed primary motion
Particularly appropriate for cloth
Mix motion capture and physics:
Motion captured person kicks a ball which is then physically simulated to find out where it goes

26. Animation Summary (brief)
Technique
Control
Time to Create
Computation Cost
Interactivity
Key-Framed
Excellent
Poor
Low
Motion Capture
Good at time of creation, after that poor
Medium
Procedural
Poor to create program
High

27. Moving Hand

28. Sitting

29. Walking

30. Turning