1. „Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti History of animation VYPRACOVAL: Mgr, Vladislav, Kravec December 2014

2. Content Early attempts to capture motion 19th Century inventions Pioneers of animation Cel animation CGI animation Motion Capture and photorealism

3. Early attempts to capture motion Cave paintings First attempts to capture motion in a still drawing Animals are drawn with more legs or heads in more layers to create an impression of movement

4. Early attempts to capture motion Bowl from Iran’s Burnt City Painted with five images of goat. When the bowl is spun, a goat would leap to snatch leaves from a tree. The images were drawn in separate frames, similar to a film strip.

5. Early attempts to capture motion Bowl from Iran’s Burnt City

6. 19th Century inventions Thaumatrope (1824) A toy, disk or a card with a picture on each side which is attached to two pieces of string When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers, the two pictures combine into a single image due to persistence of vision.

7. 19th Century inventions Phenakistoscope (1832) A spinning disc attached vertically to a handle Around the disc's centre is a series of drawings showing phases of the animation The user would spin the disc and look through the moving slits at the discs reflection in a mirror

8. 19th Century inventions Zoetrope (1833) A cylinder with slits (openings) cut vertically on the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder are the sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures.

9. 19th Century inventions Flip Book (1868) collection of combined pictures intended to be flipped over to give the illusion of movement and create an animated sequence from a simple small book without a machine

10. 19th Century inventions Praxinoscope Similar to the Zoetrope. It has the same cylinder shape but instead of slits on the outside, there are mirrors in the inside attached to another cylinder. A strip of pictures is placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. When the outer cylinder is moved (spun) the illusion of motion in the mirrors is shown.

11. Pioneers of animation EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE Born in Britain and emigrated to the United States in the 1850s. One of the most influential photographers of all time Proved that all four hooves of a running horse leave the ground.

12. Pioneers of animation LUMIERE BROTHERS (Auguste and Louis) French inventors and manufacturers of photographic equipment devised an early motion- picture camera and projector called the Cinématographe (cinematograph) The film they created in 1895, “Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory”, is considered the first motion picture.

13. Pioneers of animation GEORGES MÉLIÈS An early French experimenter with motion-pictures, a creator of special-effect films. From 1899 to 1912 Méliès made more than 400 films that combine illusion, comedy and pantomime to treat themes of fantasy in a playful and absurd way. Movies: Cleopatra, Christ Walking on the Waters A Trip to the Moon

14. Pioneers of animation EMILE COHL A French artist who worked with line drawings, cut-outs, puppets and other media. His first animated film named Fantasmagorie (1908) is held to be the first fully animated film, having 700 drawings on sheets of paper, each photographed separately.

15. Pioneers of animation VLADISLAV STAREVICH A Russian and French stop- motion animator known as the author of the first puppet- animated film The Beautiful Lukanida (1912). Fascinated by insects and therefore he used them together with other animals (puppets) as protagonists of his filmsThe Cameraman's Revenge (1912).

16. Pioneers of animation WINSOR McCAY Born in Canada in 1867 Well known for his cartoon animations. In his drawing he used bold linear perspective, textured his editorial cartoons with fine hatching, and in some occasions made colour a central element Movies: Little Nemo (1911) Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)

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