1. © Copyright 2006 POSC1 Production Reporting Overview

2. © Copyright 2006 POSC2 Production Reporting Outline Flow Network –Collection of connected Flow Units. Product Flow Model –Collection of Flow Networks Product Volume Report –Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows. Production Operations Report –Activities related to production.

3. © Copyright 2006 POSC3 Flow Network Represents a flow system. Named collection of connected Units. A unit is a black box that describes the flow into or out of something. Flow properties can be measured at a Port. A network may have external ports. Port Network Unit Node

4. © Copyright 2006 POSC4 Flow Network – Flow Unit A black box with ports but an internal network allows drill-down for more details. A unit can represent: –A complex thing like a platform or separator. –A simple thing like a valve or choke. Contextual knowledge (i.e., what does this unit represent).

5. © Copyright 2006 POSC5 Flow Network – Flow Port Represents a real world measurement point on a facility. Has an expected direction (inlet or outlet). Connects to one Node - may represent a many- to-many connection. May have an expected Product Flow (for validation purposes) – e.g., oil production or gas injection. Future - Control point (across two ports)

6. © Copyright 2006 POSC6 Flow Network – Port Direction The direction is the intended direction of flow. A change in pressure across a unit can change the actual flow direction at a port. In the Product Volume Report: –A positive volume represents an intended direction (i.e., a flow out of an outlet port or into an inlet port). –A negative volume represents an unintended direction (i.e., a flow into an outlet port and out of an inlet port). B3

7. © Copyright 2006 POSC7 Flow Network – Expected Product Flow Pairs of product kind and flow kind where: –Product = oil, gas, condensate, aqueous, oleic, vapour, water, carbon dioxide gas, etc. –Flow = production, injection, consume, import, export, gas lift, overboard, etc.

8. © Copyright 2006 POSC8 Flow Network – Node (artificial concept) All ports that are connected to the same node are connected to each other. For an actual flow diagram the graphics may ignore the node. asserts a connection Port Node Unit

9. © Copyright 2006 POSC9 Flow Network – Flow Assumptions Steady state fluid flow across nodes and ports. That is, pressure is constant across internally and externally connected ports and nodes. Conservation of mass across a node or port. The temperature and other properties can vary between connected ports. Pressure can vary internally between ports on a unit.

10. © Copyright 2006 POSC10 Flow Network – Internal Network of a Unit Corresponding ports have the same name (i.e., they are logically the same port). There is no pressure change across ports or nodes. Thus, there is no pressure change between ports A2 and C1. B B1 B3 B2 B Internal Network B1 C1 A A2 B3 C

11. © Copyright 2006 POSC11 Flow Network – What good is it? Defines the connectivity status of one fluid system over time. That is, how fluid “could” flow. Defines measurement points within the fluid system. The flow connectivity is independent of physical descriptions. The connectivity can be tailored to specific business scenarios. Requires something else to capture actual flow properties over time.

12. © Copyright 2006 POSC12 Exercise - Start Compressor 2 Compressor 3 Compressor 1 Separator Wing & Master Valve Controller or Casing Choke Flowline Choke Perforations Tubing Casing Lift-gas Production To Well From Well To Well 2 3 4 5 1 11 12 13 15 14 10 16 21 20 22 24 23 25 27 26 Gas Header Production Header Gas Lift Valve Packer Valve Choke Measurement # 1

13. © Copyright 2006 POSC13 Exercise - Measurements 1Bottom hole pressureWell (Subsurface) 2Bottom hole temperatureWell (Subsurface) 3Flowing tubing head pressureWell (Surface) 4Annulus pressureWell (Surface) 5Lift gas pressure (CHP)Well (Surface) 6SSSV statusWell (Surface) 7SSV statusWell (Surface) 8Chemical injection flow (Injection gas)Well (Surface) 9Chemical injection (Injection gas) ppmN/A 10Lift gas control valve percent openWell (Surface) 11Lift gas rate setpointN/A 12Lift gas pressure (upstream of meter)Well (Surface) 13Lift gas meter differential pressure (dp)Well (Surface) 14Lift gas meter temperature (upstream of control valve)Well (Surface) 15Lift gas flow rateN/A 16Lift gas temperaturen/a 17Chemical injection flow (Production)Well (Surface) 18Chemical injection (Production) ppmN/A 19Sand detectionWell (Flow line) 20Flow line pressure differentualWell (Flow line) 21Flow line pressureWell (Flow line) 22Flow line temperatureWell (Flow line) 23Bulk lift gas temperatureInjection Manifold 24Bulk lift gas pressureInjection Manifold 25Total gas production rateN/A 26Water production rateN/A 27Net oil production rateN/A

14. © Copyright 2006 POSC14 Exercise - Boundary

15. © Copyright 2006 POSC15 Exercise - Hide

16. © Copyright 2006 POSC16 Exercise – End From Well Compressor 2 Compressor 3 Compressor 1 Separator Lift-gas Production To Well 2 3 4 5 1 11 12 13 15 14 10 16 21 20 22 24 23 25 27 26 D B A G C E F H From Well Measurement # Unit Flow (from/to port) 1 F

17. © Copyright 2006 POSC17 Real World Example From Aspen tech From AspenTech

18. © Copyright 2006 POSC18 Production Reporting Outline Flow Network –Collection of connected Flow Units. Product Flow Model –Collection of Flow Networks Product Volume Report –Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows. Production Operations Report –Activities related to production.

19. © Copyright 2006 POSC19 Product Flow Model Defines the flow behaviour of something (normally larger installations). Collection of Flow Networks. –The model is represented by one network. –Each of the other networks represent a Flow Unit within a network. External ports. –Allows models to connect.

20. © Copyright 2006 POSC20 Product Flow Model - Model Hierarchy Model – Collection of networks. –Network – Collection of connected units. Unit – Black box with ports. –Port – Allows flow in or out. »Node – Allows ports to connect.

21. © Copyright 2006 POSC21 Product Flow Model - Summary Flow system defined by a Network (Units with connected Ports). Unit can represent anything (big or small). Steady state fluid flow across ports/nodes Conservation of mass across ports/nodes. Properties are assigned by the Product Volume Report.

22. © Copyright 2006 POSC22 Production Reporting Outline Flow Network –Collection of connected Flow Units. Product Flow Model –Collection of Flow Networks Product Volume Report –Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows. Production Operations Report –Activities related to production.

23. © Copyright 2006 POSC23 Product Volume Report Requirements Simple (e.g., one well) or complex (e.g., one field). Fluid measurements at a point in a flow stream. –Multiple measurement points. –Multiple flow streams –Multi-phase streams –Multiple reporting periods –Multiple properties

24. © Copyright 2006 POSC24 Product Volume Report - Problem Analysis ProductionML – meets a subset of Partner Daily Reporting Project requirements Typical Recurring Pattern –Where - well, field, platform, tank, flowline, vessel, … –Flow – production, injection, gas-lift, import, export, consumption, inventory, … –Product – oil, gas, water, condensate, diesel, aqueous, … –Period – day, month, year, mtd, ytd, cumulative total, … –Measurements – volume, flow rate, pressure, temperature, density, component concentration, mass, differential pressure

25. © Copyright 2006 POSC25 Product Volume Report Schema Outline Report context Facility kind (well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line, choke, platform, etc.) contextual identity Flow kind (production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.) port ( measurement point in flow network ) qualifier (measured, simulated, constraint, etc.) properties (temperature, pressure, differential pressure) Product kind (oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapour, diesel, electricity, etc.) properties (density, component content ) Period kind ( day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, etc.) date and time (point or interval) properties (volume, flow rate, mass, temperature, pressure)

26. © Copyright 2006 POSC26 Product Volume Report - Report Context Report - kind, title, period What - Installation, Contextual facility Where - Country, state, field, offshore (area, block, quadrant) Who - operator, issued, approved When - issue date, approval date Flow Network Standard temperature and pressure

27. © Copyright 2006 POSC27 Product Volume Report - Facility Represents one real world concept –Name and kind (e.g., well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line, choke, platform, etc.) –May represent one Flow Unit in a Flow Network Contextual facilities (e.g., a particular field). Downtime reason, injecting/producing flags, operation time, capacity One or more Flows

28. © Copyright 2006 POSC28 Product Volume Report - Flow Kind (e.g., production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.) May represent one Flow Port on a Flow Unit in a Flow Network. Gas oil ratio, water concentration ( mass or volume basis ) Temperature, pressure Pressure difference across Flow Ports. One or more Products

29. © Copyright 2006 POSC29 Product Volume Report - Product Kind (e.g., oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapor, diesel, electricity, etc.) Density, vapour pressure, bsw, specific gravity, dewpoint, calorific value Component content (product kind, density, concentration) One or more Periods

30. © Copyright 2006 POSC30 Product Volume Report - Period Kind (e.g., day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, report, etc. ) Date and time ( if different from reporting period ) Volume, flow rate, temperature, pressure, mass, work ( for product=electricity )

31. © Copyright 2006 POSC31 Product Volume Report – Summary Report context Facility kind (well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line, choke, platform, etc.) contextual identity Flow kind (production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.) port ( measurement point in flow network ) qualifier (measured, simulated, constraint, etc.) properties (temperature, pressure, differential pressure) Product kind (oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapour, diesel, electricity, etc.) properties (density, component content ) Period kind ( day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, etc.) date and time (point or interval) properties (volume, flow rate, mass, temperature, pressure)

32. © Copyright 2006 POSC32 Production Reporting Outline Flow Network –Collection of connected Flow Units. Product Flow Model –Collection of Flow Networks Product Volume Report –Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows. Production Operations Report –Activities related to production.

33. © Copyright 2006 POSC33 Production Operations Report Contextual information. –what, where, who, when Installation Reports –what, crew count, cumulative work, bed count –HSE incident, time since, counts, weather –Activity lost production, water cleaning quality, shutdown events, alarms, marine operations, cargo ship operations.

34. © Copyright 2006 POSC34 Production Operations Report - Contextual information Report - kind, title, period What - installation, contextual facility Where - country, state, field, offshore (area, block, quadrant) Who - operator, issued, approved When - issue date, approval date

35. © Copyright 2006 POSC35 Production Operations Report – Who (generic structure) Name, roles, aliases Addresses - physical, mailing, …, phone, email, contact preference Associated with Contact for Personnel count (for a group)

36. © Copyright 2006 POSC36 Production Operations Report – HSE Incident count Time since - lost time, prevention exercise, defined situation Counts - alarm, safety intro Safety - MTB incidents, count of each type, dated comment (who, role, when) Weather - from WITSML (added significant wave)

37. © Copyright 2006 POSC37 Production Operations Report – Activity Lost production - volume with reason, due to 3 rd party processing Water cleaning quality – chemical amounts before/after, temperature, dated comments (who, role, when) Shutdowns - when, estimated loss, detailed activities Alarms - time, area, type, reason, dated comment Marine Operations – when, vessel [supply, standby], dated comments about – [vessels, basket movement, detail activity] Cargo Ship Operations – name, time, captain, cargo, oil volumes, density, vapor pressure, bsw, salt content Operational Comments – type, start time, end time

38. © Copyright 2006 POSC38 Production Operations Report - Review Contextual information. –what, where, who, when Installation Reports –what, crew count, cumulative work, bed count –HSE incident, time since, counts, weather –Activity lost production, water cleaning quality, shutdown events, alarms, marine operations, cargo ship operations.

39. © Copyright 2006 POSC39 Production Reporting Summary Flow Network –Collection of connected Flow Units. –Ports represent measurement points. Product Flow Model –Collection of Flow Networks –Supports finer grain networks Product Volume Report –Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows. –Can assign properties to network ports Production Operations Report –Activities related to production. –Currently has offshore bias.