1. Jet Physics Selected results from ATLAS and CMS Yanwen Liu Univ. of Science and Technology of China On Behalf of the ATLAS and CMS collaborations September 4, IHEP 1

2. Outline Introduction Inclusive and multi jet measurements – Impact of Jet data on PDF fits – Determination of strong coupling constant Heavy Flavor production Jet shapes, substructure and mass Summary 2

3. Part I: Introduction Jets are abundantly produced at the LHC Good probes for QCD dynamics strong interactions to the shortest distance perturbative calculation and modeling of non-perturbative effects Proton structure Very important for new physics searches New Phenomena processes also affected by QCD effects Jets may be important background and need accurate description Effective techniques can be developed/tested with jet data Challenge at LHC : pile up. 3

4. Experiments at LHC 4 +LHCf, TOTEM

5. Inner detector (B=2 T) Si pixels and strips Transition Radiation Detector (e/  separation)  /p T ~ 0.05% p T (GeV)  0.1%; |  | < 2.5, B=2 T(central solenoid) Hadron Calorimeter Fe/scintillator (central), Cu/W-LAr (fwd)  /E ~ 50%/√E(GeV)  3% |  |<3 Muon spectrometer air-core toroids, MDT+RPC+TGC+CSC  /p T ~ 2-7 % |  | < 2.7, |  |<2.5 ( precision phys.) EM Calorimetry Pb-LAr  /E ~ 10%/√E(GeV)  1% |  |<3.2, |  | < 2.5 (fine granularity) Length: ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons Channels: ~ 10 8 L cable : ~ 3000 km 5

6. 6

7. Thanks, LHC! 7

8. Mjj = 3.65 TeV 8

9. di-muon event with 25 reconstructed vertices! 9

10. Pileup impact on resolutions ATLAS subtract (pile-up density)*(jet area) from jets residual correction parameterized as a function of measured number of pile-up events. CMS Particle flow to associate energy deposits with tracks (pileup density)*(jet area) correction for neutral particles and tracks not matched to vertex ATLAS-CONF-2013-083 ~20% 10

11. Jet momentum resolution ATLAS Eur. Phys. J C(2013) 73:2306 2010 7 TeV pp collisions low pile-up CMS JINST 6(2011) P11002 particle flow 11

12. Part II: Inclusive and di-jet measurements Parton density functions pQCD calculations Modeling of Non-perturbative effects Strong coupling constant 12

13. inclusive jet and di-jet cross section PRD87(2013)112002 13 CMS full 2011 data 9 orders of magnitude! anti-k T R = 0.7 veto on MET

14. Comparison with NLOJet++ 14 y max = max(y 1,y 2 )

15. testing different PDF sets Experimental uncertainties and theoretical uncertainties comparable. 15 NNPDF as reference, i.e. y-axis corresponds to ratio w.r.t predictions with NNPDF.

16. CMS 8 TeV results CMS PAS SMP-12-012 16 reduced stat. uncertainty at high pT

17. inclusive jet (ATLAS) testing PDF PRD86(2012)014022 2010 dataset 17 To be applied to fixed order predictions at parton level.

18. testing various PS tuning 18 POWHEG + AUET2 disfavored by data

19. cross section ratio EPJC (2013) 73 2509 Dimensionless scale invariant cross section: x T = 2 p T /√s to faciliate comparison of measurements at different √s Ratio as a function of x T cancels theor. uncertainties Ratio as a function of pT cancels exp. uncertainties Expect correlated systematics cancel in the ratio 19 Limitation: only 0.2 pb of 2.76 data

20. pQCD uncertainties on inclusive cross sections On the ratio of cross sections 20

21. Non-perturbative correction uncertainty on inclusive cross sectionon ratios of cross sections 21

22. Comparison to NLO + PS Monte Carlo 22 significantly reduced theoretical uncertainties.

23. testing PDFS ABM 11 NLO disfavored Tension with HERAPDF 23

24. influence on g and sea quark densities Anticipating ratio measurements of 14/7 14/8 8/7 8/2.76 14/2.76? ATLAS jet data ( 2.76 TeV and 7 TeV) favor higher (lower) density of gluons (sea quarks) at high x. 24

25. ATLAS di-jet data ATLAS-CONF-2012-021 25 y* = |y 1 – y 2 |/2 full 2011 data

26. 26 testing NLO + PS NLOJET++ as reference

27. in some kinematic regions, experimental uncertainties comparable with theoretical uncertainties. Starting to have sensitivity for PDFs. 27

28. CMS 3-jet/2-jet ratio for α s Vary the α s (m Z ) in prediction and minimize the chi2 for the best fit. arXiv:1304.7498v1 = (p T1 + p T2 )/2 : mean of the two leading pT, representing Q R32: event yield ratio of inclusive 3-jet / inclusive 2-jet full 2011 data 28 band: α s (m Z )=0.110-0.0130

29. Running of α s ATLAS-CONF-2014-041 Fit for α s (m Z ) using events in each of the 3 bins Determine the average Q for each bin with NLOJet++ 3-Loop RGE for m Z -> Q 29

30. Summary for part II 30 Inclusive and dijet measurements consistent with MC predictions Experimental uncertainties ~ theoretical uncertainties => starting to have constraining power on PDF, parton shower modeling Ratios of different CME: good point! Strong coupling constants measured up to ~ 1 TeV : compatible with PDG and RGE evolving.

31. part III : Heavy flavor production Masses of c, b quarks significantly above QCD scale Less influence of low energy hadronisation effects on the production cross sections of HF 31

32. flavor composition in di-jet events Eur. Phys. J. C(2013)73:2301 labels: B – b quark C – c quark U – u,d,s Use kinematic feature of secondary vertices No b-tagging applied 32 PYTHIA

33. flavor templates m B = 5.2794 GeV approx.γ factor for the “B” system transform to (0,1) for conveniences 33 ~ energy fraction of the “B” system meson Next : pair templates for 2 jets in each event and fit to data

34. jets containing two b- or c- hadrons B T distribution different for jets containing 1 or 2 b hadrons Modifying the templates to including a free parameter, b2 : fraction of jets with 2 hadrons same treatment for c-hadrons. 34 GS = Gluon Spliting Fitting the “flavor” templates to data to extracting fractions of each component But there are complications that require modifications to the templates

35. simultaneous fitting results 35

36. inclusive b jet production (CMS) JHEP 04(2012) 084 jet analysis: secondary vertex for tagging muon analysis: muon tagging Similar ATLAS measurement Eur. Phys. J. C(2011) 71:1846 36

37. b-jet angular correlations CMS PAS BPH-10-019 PYHTIA better at predicting the total rate, MadGraph better at predicting the shape. 37

38. Summary for part III 38 Heavy flavor production consistent with predictions. LO MC not good enough in describing the data.

39. part IV: Jet shape, substructure and mass Important technique for NP search Jets from decays of a highly boosted heavy particle merged as one “fat” jet. Using the substructure to reconstruct the mass of the heavy particle. Looking inside the jets now! 39

40. Jet shapes in ttbar events arXiv:1307.5749 ttbar events at LHC : pure b-jet sources b-jet purity: 99.3% b-jet purity: 88.5% pT distributions of b-tagged jets (NN tagger) MC : baseline generators : MC@NLO and POWHEG normalized to best cross sections available 40 Event selection: two lepton MET 2 jets (at least 1 b-tag) require 1 lepton, 4 jets, MET

41. light jets in ttbar events light jet from single-lepton channel. purity: 66.2% 41

42. differential and integral jet shape 42 For current analysis, set Δr = 0.04

43. shapes well described by MC On average, b jets broader than light jets as expected due to higher mass of b quarks 43

44. Jet mass and substructure ATLAS-CONF-2012-065 44 Particles from top decay form a “fat” jet. The large jet area contaminated with energies from pile-up To be removed by “grooming”.

45. trimming re-cluster the constituents with smaller cone remove soft sub-jets. jet algorithm with large distance parameter keep only the sub jets above certain fraction of jet pT keep only the sub jets above certain fraction of jet pT 45

46. impact on jet mass inclusive di-jet sample 46

47. jet mass in ttbar events ttbar single-lepton channel require a b-tagging anti k T R = 1.0 pT > 350 GeV 47 full 2011 data

48. CMS trimmed jet mass JHEP 05(2013) 090 48

49. future : Z’ -> ttbar 49

50. Summary for part IV 50 Shapes of light jets and b well described by MC Jet substructure technique tested on di-jet and ttbar events: Working!

51. Summary  QCD works!  Good theory/data agreement in jet measurements (pQCD)  Starting to constraint PDF, no perturbative effects modeling  Strong coupling constant consistent with previous results  jet shape and substructure technique tested with jet and ttbar data. Promising for new physics searches. 51

52. back up slides 52

53. filtering algorithms Mass drop and symmetric splitting for each sub jet: 53

54. Pruning re-cluster with smaller cone If yes, merge j1 and j2. Otherwise, drop j2. 54

55. Jet algorithms 55 “Distance between proto-jets” “Beam distance” if ρ ij < ρ iB, i, j combined as one proto-jet k t : p = +1 Cambridge-Aachen : p = 0 anti-k t : p = -1