1. The Spanish and the Native Americans US History

2. Spanish and the Native Americans Main Idea: Spanish rule in the Americas had terrible consequences for Native Americans. Why It Matters Now: The destruction of Native American cultures created social problems that continue today. Key Terms and Names Viceroyalty Encomienda Hacienda mission Popé Plantation Bartolomé de Las Casas Columbian Exchange

3. Spanish Colonies in the Americas By 1700, Spain controlled much of the Americas. Two major steps to Govern the colonies: 1.Divided into two provinces: New Spain Peru 2.Built new roads to transport goods and people Moved soldiers quickly Improved the economy, materials could be moved to the coast and sent more efficiently to Spain. Each province was called a viceroyalty, the top official was called the viceroy

4. Life in Spanish America Spanish Creoles Mestizos Native Americans & Enslaved Africans Natives and Enslaved Africans were at the bottom of the social class system.

5. The Role of the Church Missions - settlements that included a church, a town, and farmlands. The goal: to convert Native Americans to Christianity. The presence of the missions also increased Spanish control over the land.

6. Sugar Plantations Develop Plantations- Large farms that produced cash crops. Sugar cane - Brought to the Caribbean from Europe. The Spanish forced the Natives to work on plantations. Coffee Tobacco

7. The Abuse of Native Americans Bartolomé de Las Casas- “[The Spanish] do nothing but command. They are drones who suck the honey which is made by the poor bees, the Indians.” -Fray Toribio de Benavente, Catholic missionary Many Spanish treated the Native Americans as nothing more than beasts of burden. Received an encomienda, but faced a dilemma: How could a person serve God and Enslaved Natives at the same time? Gave up his encomienda, fought against the abuse of Native Americans, and earned the title “protector of the Indians”

8. The Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange- The movement of plants, animals, and diseases between eastern and western hemispheres. Diseases: Smallpox Measles Influenza Malaria Estimates that 20 million Natives were killed by European disease in the first century after contact. European livestock was brought to the Americas, and thrived: Cattle, pigs, horses Crops from the Americas were brought to Europe: Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, peanuts, tobacco Positive Benefits: