1. Reward System: The End of the Iron Rice Bowl  Iron Rice Bowl (1949-1978)- Communism “provided”  1978: Rules changed to allow bonus systems and rewards for amount and difficulty of work done  1986: New regulation makes it possible to fire workers  more incentive to work harder  Today: Iron Rice Bowl System dying out but still seen in many state-owned enterprises

2. Compensation Unions do not concern themselves with collective bargaining Workers often belong to a unit or work group, and their pay and benefits are governed by policies set for the unit China’s talent market paradox Compensation packages have risen sharply to retain employees  High inflation and demand for workers have driven up wages

3. Compensation Levels Compensation standards can vary significantly: City? State-owned enterprise? Foreign invested enterprise? Expatriates? Expatriates= 2,000% to 4,000% of the cost of a local counterpart

4. Compensation Levels: Variance ExperienceAnnual Average Salary Employee 1 Five years of accounting experience at a SOE $6,000 Employee 2 Same as above, but with experience at a FIE instead of an SOE $12,000 - $24,000 Employee 3 Same as above, but with fluent English $50,000 - $60,000

5. Reward System: Benefits  Paid Annual Vacation Days - Service of 1-10 years= 5 days leave - Service of 10-20 years= 10 days leave - Service of 20 years= 15 days leave  Six months' sick leave at 60% to 100% of salary  Maternity leave at full pay is provided for up to 90 days Pension premiums and unemployment insurance

6. Reward System: Incentives  Stock options for retention purposes  Congratulations and condolence awards  Performance based bonuses have been enthusiastically welcomed by younger professionals

7. Unique Reward: Housing Housing Boom Issue: Very expensive rental rates in cities Employers are required to contribute 5% of an employee's salary to government-managed housing contribution funds Inefficient Housing Fund  Many FIEs issue direct housing allowances Some larger companies building their own housing units: sell or rent to their employees through regular payroll deductions

8. Reward System: Migrant Workers  Wages for unskilled Chinese workers have remained stagnant.  Abundant supply of migrants from inland China who have swarmed into cities searching for jobs (18,000 people a day moving from rural to urban areas)  Issue of Increasing Compensation Disparity Chinese Migrant Workers

9. China’s Minimum Wage China's first minimum wage law set in 2004 Eg. Guangdong Province increased its minimum wage in 2006: Range: ¥ 4.66 (~US$ 0.68) to ¥ 2.69 (~US$ 0.39) an hour  Minimum wages have been raised in the last few years, but many enterprises still do not pay minimum wage  lack of enforcement

10. Wage Issues: Migrant Workers  Low-skill wages have increased in the last few years, but barely keep up with high rate of inflation  Problem: wages are not paid for months, and many do not get the full sum

11. Housing Migrant Workers Factories in China often provide employees with meals and lodging Migrant workers, whose homes are too far away to commute, live in shared dorms Largest factories- 200,000 worker residents Worker Dormitory-Shenzen Employees eating dinner at a Chinese toy factory