1. SUBJECT :- ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY PRESENTED BY Dolly vyas Branch EC 8 TH SEM Adina institute of science &technology

2. What do understand by HTC and LTC of a coal ? Write down the usefulness of each process. Question

3. estANSWER HTC and LTC are the two type of carbonization process of coal. Carbonization process used for producing fuels-solid, liquid, and gaseous – from coal and other carbonaceous material.

4. HTC PROCESS  The HTC process is define as the high temperature carbonization process.  It is carried out 900-1200°c with the object of producing coke.  The advantage of this process is that the coke obtained in it is of the right porosity, hardness,purity, strength, etc.  So that it can be used in metallurgy.

5.  In this process all the volatile matter of coal is driven off and the yield of coke is about 65-75%.  It containing only 1-3% volatile matter.  The by product gas produced is high in volume (about 300-390 m^3/ tonne).  But there is a drawback is that its calorific value is very low about 5400-6000 kcal/m^3).

6. LTC PROCESS  The LTC process is define as the low temperature carbonization process.  In this process the heating of coal is carried out at 500-700°c.  The yield of coke is about 75-80% and it contains about 5-15% volatile matter.  Drawback is in this process is that it is not mechanically strong, so it can not be used as a metallurigical coke.

7.  But advantage is that it burns easily giving practically a smokeless, hot and radiant fire.  Hence it is suitable for domestic purpose.  The by product gas produced in this process is about 135-150 m^3/ tonne.  The best thing is that in this process we get more valuable gaseous fuel.