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Scaling Up Carbon and Carbonate Production to Regional Scales with Landsat 7 ETM+ Christopher S. Moses (USF) Serge Andréfouët (IRD) Frank Muller-Karger.

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Presentation on theme: "Scaling Up Carbon and Carbonate Production to Regional Scales with Landsat 7 ETM+ Christopher S. Moses (USF) Serge Andréfouët (IRD) Frank Muller-Karger."— Presentation transcript:

1 Scaling Up Carbon and Carbonate Production to Regional Scales with Landsat 7 ETM+ Christopher S. Moses (USF) Serge Andréfouët (IRD) Frank Muller-Karger (UMass) Christine Kranenburg (USF) NOAA Think Tank #5: Ocean Acidification 3-7 Dec. 2007, Little Cayman Research Center

2 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Outline Driving questions Millennium Coral Reef Map Location Scaling up carbon and carbonate production Conclusions What’s next and what’s needed

3 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Questions Can remote sensing produce reasonably accurate estimates of production over regional scales (10 3 -10 4 km 2 )? Can the Millennium Map geomorphologic classes serve as proxies for production in areas with poor imagery or no data for validation?

4 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Previous Scaling-up Work Atkinson & Grigg (1984) –French Frigate Shoals –Aerial photography –3 classes Andréfouët & Payri (2001) –Moorea –SPOT (20 m resolution) –9 classes Brock et al. (2006) –Biscayne National Park –ASTER (15 m), IKONOS (4 m), AISA (~1.5 m) –4 classes Andréfouët & Payri (2001)

5 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Caribbean Region Scenes

6 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Landsat 7 ETM+: Full Scene ~180 km Path 14, Row 46 14 Feb. 2000

7 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Millennium Map: Little Cayman

8 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Measuring Production Several methods –Geochemical –Growth rate, density aka: census based –Net accretion Geochemical measurements –Single points or arrays –Total alkalinity (TA), pH –pCO 2, HCO 3 -, or  CO 2 –  O 2 Yates & Halley (2003)

9 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Scaling-Up Production Assumptions: –In situ values are representative over larger areas –Production is linearly scalable P patch reef = (F sand x P sand ) + (F dense live x P dense live )… + (F i x P i )

10 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 North Florida Reef Tract Landsat 7 ETM+ 5 Feb 2000

11 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 In situ Production Values PREP/RG Class (g C m -2 d -1 ) (g CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 ) Sand1.761.96-0.200.900.11 Seagrass2.883.32-0.440.87-0.19 Sparse seagrass*1.982.23-0.250.890.05 Dense live substrate6.438.09-1.660.791.29 Sparse live substrate4.235.31-1.080.80-0.04

12 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 NFRT Biotope Classification Brock et al. (2006)

13 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 NFRT Spatial Production

14 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Unit P, R, P/R, and G SensorPREP/RG (g C m -2 d -1 ) (g CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 ) AISA3.153.71-0.570.850.04 IKONOS3.524.20-0.680.840.15 ASTER4.054.91-0.860.820.36 AISA corrected 3.113.67-0.560.850.07 L7 NFRT total 3.033.61-0.580.84-0.002 Net heterotrophic Net CO 2 sink Net Dissolution

15 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Accuracy of L7 86.2 (±2.3%) accuracy over entire NFRT Most TD >1.80 Lowest TD (0.63) between shallow dense live and deep sparse live Sand is most easily misclassified

16 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Proxy Stability Millennium Coral Reef Map PREP/RG Class (g C m -2 d -1 ) (g CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 ) Intra-seas patch reef complex (#568) 3.844.68-0.840.840.30 Shelf terrace (#781) 3.464.19-0.730.830.25 Cross shelf (#793)2.903.43-0.530.85-0.07

17 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Sensitivity Analysis Max Likelihood Mahalanobis Dist.

18 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Conclusions Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery can produce accurate biotope classifications and production estimates at regional scales Millennium Map classes can be used as proxies in areas with poor bathymetric control and little validation Limitations: –Dependent on accuracy of in situ observations –Greater numbers of classes decrease accuracy –MM classes only regionally applicable

19 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Needs and Next Steps Better spatial coverage of in situ measurements of production –Keystone sites?? Accurate measurements in deeper (>10 m) water depths –New technologies Integration into more complex models Hochberg & Atkinson (2007)

20 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007

21 Significance Reefs fringe ~15% of world’s coastlines High biodiversity –>2,000 reef fishes –>800 species of corals Roberts, et al., 2002 ~58% are threatened by human activities Ginsburg, et al., 1994 ~30% decline in calcification at 560  atm CO 2 –Ω arag ~ 2.29 Kleypas, et al. (2006) Need for ecosystem-based management approaches Loreau, et al. (2003)

22 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Previous Reef Maps Solomon Islands

23 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Millennium Coral Reef Map Solomon Islands

24 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Millennium Global Coral Reef Map http://imars.usf.edu/corals/maps/reef_count.html

25 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 32 Geomorphic classes 30-meter resolution Millennium Map: Palau

26 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 NFRT Calcification (G)

27 C.S. Moses, Think Tank #5, Dec. 2007 Unit P, R, P/R, and G SensorPREP/RG (g C m -2 d -1 ) (g CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 ) AISA3.153.71-0.570.850.04 IKONOS3.524.20-0.680.840.15 ASTER4.054.91-0.860.820.36 AISA corrected 3.113.67-0.560.850.07 L7 NFRT total 3.033.61-0.580.84-0.002 Net heterotrophic: -5.74 x 10 8 kg C yr -1 Net CO 2 sink: ~753 tons yr -1 Net Dissolution: 1.68 x 10 6 kg CaCO 3 yr -1

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