1. The Science of Biology Chapter 1 Mason KA, Losos JB and Singer SR Biology 9th ed., MacGraw Hill. 2010. 1. 小考數次 (15%) 2. 期中考兩次和期末考一次共三次 ( 共 75%) 3. 平時表現和主題報告 (10%)

2. RT1101( 呼照系 ) 普通生物學 Fall, 2010 項次 上課日期教學進度 109-14 Introduction---Unifying Themes in biology(Chap 1) ---The Spanish flu(1918, A(H1N1)-->The Asia flu (1957), A(H2N2)-- >The Hong Kong flu of 1957, A(H3N2) ---The HIV infection cycle (p536-p537) ---Viral targets for therapeutic drugs 209-21 Cell structure (Chap4) ---Prokaryotes and fundamentally different from eukaryotes p547-p549 309-28 I. Membrane structure and function (Chap 5) II. Phospholipids form membranes, p54-55 410-05C Cell communication (Chap9) 510-12 H How cells divide (Chap 10) ---Control of the cell cycle 610-19Midterm Exam (I) 710-26 Sexual reproduction and meiosis (Chap11) --- The process of meiosis 811-02 Patterns of inheritance (Chap12) ---Extensions to Mendel 911-09 Chromosomes, mapping, and the meiosis---Inheritance connection (Chap13) --- Selected human genetic disorders

3. 1011-16Proteins: Molecules with diverse structures and functions (Chap3) 1111-23 DNA: The genetic material (Chap14) ---Eukaryotic replication and DNA repair 1211-30Midterm Exam (II) 1312-07 Genes and how they work(I) (Chap15) ---Central dogma of molecular biology 1412-14 Genes and how they work(II) (Chap15) ---Central dogma of molecular biology 1512-21 Control of gene expression (I) (Chap16) --- Prokaryotic regulation 1612-28 Control of gene expression (II) (Chap16) --- Eukaryotic regulation 1701-04Biotechnology (Chap17) 1801-11Final exam

4. The Nature of Science Science aims to understand the natural world through observation and reasoning Science begins with observations, therefore, much of science is purely descriptive –Classification of all life on Earth –Human genome sequencing Science uses both deductive and inductive reasoning –make specific predictions –uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

5. 5 The Science of Life Biology unifies much of natural science Living systems are the most complex chemical systems on Earth Life is constrained by the properties of chemistry and physics Science is becoming more interdisciplinary –Combining multiple fields

6. 6 1.Composed of cells 2.Complex and ordered 3.Respond to their environment 4.Can grow, develop, and reproduce 5.Obtain and use energy 6.Maintain internal balance 7.Allow for evolutionary adaptation 7 characteristics of all living organisms

7. Living systems show hierarchical organization –Cellular level Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells Cell is the basic unit of life –Organismal level Tissues, organs, organ systems 7

8. –Populational level Population, community –Ecosystem level –Biosphere Earth is an ecosystem we call the biosphere Each level has emergent properties –Result from interaction of components –Cannot be deduced by looking at parts themselves –“Life” is an emergent property 8

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10. Unifying Themes in Biology Cell theory –All organisms composed of cells –Cells are life’s basic units –All cells come from preexisting cells Molecular basis of inheritance –Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) –Sequence of 4 nucleotides encode cell’s information –Gene – discrete unit of information Structure and function 10

11. 11 Voyage of the Beagle Darwin’s contribution was a mechanism Natural selection Darwin and Evolution Diversity of life arises by evolution

12. 12 Taxonomy : based on common ancestry 3 domains Bacteria- unicellular prokaryote Archaea- unicellular prokaryote Eucarya- unicellular to multicellular eukaryotes 4 kingdoms Protista, fungi, plantae and animalia

14. ETYMOLOGY( 詞源 ) OF KEY TERMS bio- life or relating to living organisms (from the Greek bios- mode of life) carya- see karyo below eu- good; well; true (from the Greek eu- well) homeo- likeness; resemblance; similarity (from the Greek homoios- like) karyo nucleus of a cell (from the Greek karyon- nut or kernel) -logy a field of study; an academic discipline; the study of (from the Greek logos- word) meta- change; transformation; following something in a series (from the Greek meta- change) photo- light (from the Greek photos- light) pro- before; for; in front of (from the Greek and Latin pro- for or before) stasis unchanging (from the Greek stasis- standing) synthesis to make or assemble (from the Greek synthesis- placing together)