1. Radiographic Changes in Patients with Pseudarthrosis After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Arthrodesis Using Carbon Interbody Cages by Tokumi Kanemura, Akiyuki Matsumoto, Yoshimoto Ishikawa, Hidetoshi Yamaguchi, Kotaro Satake, Zenya Ito, Go Yoshida, Yoshihito Sakai, Shiro Imagama, and Noriaki Kawakami J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 96(10):e82 May 21, 2014 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. The flow of patients through the study. Tokumi Kanemura et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:e82 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Radiolucent zones at the pedicle screw sites on anteroposterior radiographs (Fig. 2-A) and CT scans (Fig. 2-B) were graded on a 6-point scale (range, 0 to −5; see Appendix) as shown. Tokumi Kanemura et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:e82 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Radiolucent zones around the interbody cage (Fig. 3-A) and the osseous spur anterior to the intervertebral disc (Fig. 3-B) on sagittal CT scans were graded on a 6-point scale (range, 0 to −5 and 0 to 5, respectively; see Appendix) as shown. Tokumi Kanemura et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:e82 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Longitudinal changes in maximum range of motion (ROM) of the intervertebral disc on lateral flexion-extension radiographs were significant as determined by ANOVA. The mean and standard deviation at each time point are shown for five patients who showed ≥5°... Tokumi Kanemura et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:e82 ©2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.