1. Anatomy and Physiology Lab I
Jenny Simmons

2. Tissues Histology: The study of tissues
Tissue: A collection of cells that perform related functions, and are similar in structure
4 Major types of tissues:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

3. Epithelial Tissue Found: covers body surfaces
lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts
also found in glands.
Has an apical or free surface which is exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ
Has a basal or attached surface that adheres to connective tissue
attachment between the basal surface and the connective tissue is a thin extracellular layer called the basement membrane.
Avascular---without blood vessels
nutrients diffuse in from blood vessels in underlying connective tissue
Good nerve supply
Rapid cell division; responsive to environmental stresses
Named according to the shape and arrangement of cells

4. Classification of Epithelia
Simple:
one layer
Stratified: multiple layers of cells
Figure 4.1a

5. Classification of Epithelia
Squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
Figure 4.1b

6. Simple Squamous Epithelia
Function: filtration (kidneys) and diffusion (air sacs of lungs)
Location: Kidney glomeruli, alveoli of lungs, lining of heart, kidney corpuscles, and blood and lymphatic vessels.

7. Lung

8. Simple Squamous
Microscope slide #1

9. Simple Squamous (surface view)
Microscope slide #22

10. Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Function: Protects underlying tissue in areas subject to abrasion
Location: lines skin(keratinized), mouth, esophagus, vagina (all non-keratinized)
Microscope slide # 2
**Note: For all stratified epithelia: Name is based off cells on apical surface. All cells connected to basal membrane will either be cuboidal or columnar!

12. Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal
Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
Function in secretion and absorption
Present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface

13. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
Microscope slide # 3 (you can also see simple cuboidal in slide #1)

14. Simple Columnar Function: Protection, secretion of mucus, absorption
Location: lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tube, collecting ducts of kidneys
Microscope Slide # 4

16. Simple Columnar Epithelium
Gall Bladder Simple columnar epithelium lines the gall bladder. Note the underlying connective tissue with blood vessels.

17. Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelia
Function: Secretion and propulsion of mucus
Location: Lining of ducts, ciliated: lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract
Features: Has goblet cells that secret mucus & is ciliated. Looks layered, but only has a single layer of cells (all cells are attached to basement membrane

20. Epithelia: Transitional (Microscope Slide #6)
Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped
Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder
Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

21. Transitional Epithelium (Ureter)
3 apical (free) surface

22. Transitional Epithelium
Urinary Bladder The expandable stratified epithelium of the bladder is referred to as transitional epithelium. Note that its surface cells are large rather than flattened as in stratified squamous epithelium.

23. transitional epithelium of mucosa
Ureter 100X
transitional epithelium of mucosa
lamina propria
smooth muscle
adventitia

24. * Ureter 400X
lamina propria
smooth muscle
transitional epithelium

25. Bladder (Empty)
White line- defines height of epithelium

26. Bladder (Full) Orange arrow - Flattened "plump" cells
White line- defines height of epithelium