1. Ethan Borochaner, Eric Mitchell, Kevin Lee, and Pascal Portney
Boron Family
Made by;
Ethan Borochaner, Eric Mitchell, Kevin Lee, and Pascal Portney

3. History and Discovery
Boron - It comes from the Persian and Arabic words for borax. The compounds were known in ancient times but were isolated in 1808 by Gay-Lussac and Thenard and independently by Sir Humphrey Davy
Aluminum - Named from the Latin Alum, and its existence was proposed by Lavoisier in Named by Davy in 1807 and isolated by Orsted in 1825.

4. History and Discovery
Gallium - originally predicted by Mendeleev in 1871. It was isolated from Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 and named after Gallia, Latin for France.
Thallium - discovered by Sir William Crookes in It was identified by its positive bright green line in the spectrum like its Greek name Thallios for green twig.
Indium - named from Latin Indicum for indigo and discovered by Reich and Richterin in 1863.

5. Common Applications Indium Gallium
The first large-scale application for Indium was as a coating for bearing in high-performance aircraft engines during World War II.
Gallium
Since gallium wets glass or porcelain, Gallium can be used to create brilliant mirrors
Gallium is used in some high temperature thermometers
Gallium Nitrate is used in some treatments for arthritis

6. Common Applications Aluminum Thallium
important in virtually all segments of the world economy
nearly all modern mirrors are made using a thin coating of Aluminum
commonly used silvering agent in paint
Thallium
there are no uses for metallic Thallium because when mixed with some other substances, it creates a powdery black substance
was once used as a rat and ant poison

7. Common Applications Boron
Boron is an essential plant micronutrient, playing a key role in plant fertilization; also in the building of cell wall structures
Boric Acid also traditionally used as an insecticide
Borax is sometimes found in laundry detergent

8. Common Reactions
Boron
Gallium
Aluminum
Thallium
Indium

9. Aluminum Reaction

10. Physical Properties Boron Melting Point: 2348 K Boiling Point: 4273 K
Density: 2.37 grams per cubic centimeter
Electronegativity: 2.04
Atomic Radius: 85
Aluminum
Melting Point:  K
Boiling Point: 2792 K
Density: 2.70 grams per cubic centimeter
Electronegativity: 1.61
Atomic Radius: 125

11. Physical Properties Gallium Melting Point: 302.91 K
Boiling Point: 2477 K
Density: 5.91 grams per cubic centimeter
Electronegativity: 1.81
Atomic Radius: 135
Indium
Melting Point:  K
Boiling Point: 2345 K
Density: 7.31 grams per cubic centimeter
Electronegativity: 1.78
Atomic Radius: 155

12. Physical Properties Thallium Melting Point: 577 K
Boiling Point: 1746 K
Density: 11.8 grams per cubic centimeter
Electronegativity: 1.83
Atomic Radius: 190

13. Patterns Among Properties
For the Boron family
The ionization energy decreases as you go down the group.
Valence electrons: 3 electrons in their outer level
The density increases as you go down the group
The Atomic Radius increases as you go down the group
The Melting points for the elements have no pattern, yet the boiling points decrease as you go down the Boron Family