1. Julie St. Paul, Amanda Killeen, Bryan Howe, Mary Roland

2. The 1700s are referred to as the “Age of Enlightenment” This cultural movement promoted scientific discoveries as opposed to superstitions and abuse by the church and state. It was inspired by many philosophers, such as Voltaire and John Locke.

3. America claimed independence from Great Britain, American Revolution 1776-83 French people overthrew the monarchy because they felt oppressed, French Revolution 1789

4. Mercantilism, the monetary system in which the government controls all aspects of trade and doing business, was practiced at this time. Americans believed in the “laissez faire” economic policy, or that the economy will govern itself without any extra help

5. Europe- Many people were Catholic, but not very involved with their church. After the invention of the Church of England, involvement in the Church of England became mandatory and Catholics fled Europe. America- During the 1700s, Americans battled for their religious freedom and were then allowed to practice whichever religion they wanted.

6. Born in 1716 in Edinburg, Scotland Believed that patients eating citrus fruit, such as lemons and oranges, recovered much faster from scurvy than those given other kinds of food Lind’s ideas led to the developments of vaccinations to prevent disease Died in 1794

7. Born in 1749 in Berkley, England. Invented the smallpox vaccine in 1796 by infecting someone with cowpox prior to exposing them to the smallpox virus. He advanced the understanding of angina pectoris, or chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart His discoveries led to cures for many other diseases. Died in 1823.

8. Born in 1743 in France Known as the “father of modern chemistry” Lavoisier discovered that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen molecules Died in 1794

9. Born in 1686 in Gdansk, Germany Became a glass blower and made barometers, altimeters, and eventually thermometers. He altered the former alcohol thermometer to have a more consistent scale by using mercury Based the scale on the human body temperature Died in 1736

10. 1714 Mercury thermometer invented by Daniel Fahrenheit 1747 James Lind discovers cure for scurvy 1750-1850 Industrial Revolution- advances in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation and technology 1751 The first American hospital opened. It was called Pennsylvania Hospital. 1775-1783 American Revolution 1775 Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet 1789 French Revolution 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin 1796 Edward Jenner creates smallpox vaccine