1. Microbes and Medicine 1. 2. Streptomyces griseus Penicillium in Antibiotic Production

2. Streptomyces Streptomyces is a bacteria found in the soil.

3. Streptomyces in Medicine Streptomyces is used to make streptomycin sulfate. Streptomycin sulfate is used to treat tuberculosis, the plague, and endocarditis (an inflammation of the heart)

4. Discovery of Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces was discovered in 1944 by Selman Waksman and his team at Rutgers University. It was the first know treatment of tuberculosis. Selman Waksman

5. What Does Streptomyces Treat? Streptomyces griseus is used to make streptomyces sulfate. Streptomyces sulfate disrupts the production of usual protein synthesis. Streptomyces sulfate is used to treat a number of things, including Tuberculosis (tubercle bacillus ), Bacterial Endocarditis (an infection of the heart valves) and the plague.

6. Pros About Streptomycin Streptomycin can treat both gram positive and gram negative bacteria (which tells the difference of a bacteria’s cell wall. Gram positive has a thick cell wall while gram negative is located between a lipid envelope and inner cell membrane) It is effective against Tuberculosis.

7. Cons About Streptomyces During treatment, there are some bacteria that are immune to streptomyces. In this case, streptomyces and another medication will have to be used to help fight it. There are a number of side-effects from streptomyces, including: injury to the kidneys, nerve damage, nausea, vomiting, muscle twitches, fever, and rashes.

8. INDOOR OUTDOOR LABORATORY Penicillium is a common fungi genera of which P. notatum and P. chrysogenum are species

9. Penicillium in Antibiotic Production From an allergen mold commonly found growing on wet-buildings and rotten apples, a potent, bacterial- killing antibiotic has been discovered, extracted, purified and utilized successfully in the treatment of human bacterial infections.

10. The Antibiotic Penicillin from Penicillium: Culmination of Scientific Effort 1800s There were important observations on fungi, many which noted the ability of mold to inhibit bacterial growth.

11. The Antibiotic Penicillin from Penicillium: Culmination of Scientific Effort 1900s Observations and Experiments 1928 Discovery of Penicillium Extract: Fleming Purification, Human Testing: Flory and Chain FlemingFlorey Chain

12. The Antibiotic Penicillin Natural toxins were extracted from Penicillium, purified and utilized as an antibiotic to fight bacterial infections in humans. Penicillin is used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Penicillin is not used in the treatment of viral infections.

13. The Science of Penicillin Penicillin destroys bacteria by destroying the peptidoglycan portion of the bacterial cell wall. The weak cell wall ruptures. The bacterium dies.

14. Penicillin: Positive Applications WWII Major cause of death was septicemia, i.e., blood poisoning. Other major causes of death included: strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, syphilis, meningitis, tonsillitis. Successfully treated with penicillin.

15. Penicillin: Negative Implications Allergic Reactions to Penicillin Antibiotic Resistance Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)