1. Sania Naqvi Developmental Biology Recitation 9/14/2015
Trisomy X: 47 XXX Female
Karyotype of 47 XXX Female [1]
Sania Naqvi
Developmental Biology Recitation
9/14/2015

2. Background Information
Chromosomal Issue:
Normal female: born with two X chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father, at chromosome pair 23 [5]
total number of chromosomes is 46 [5].
47 XXX Female: born with three X chromosomes (Trisomy) at chromosome pair 23 [5].
Increase of the total number of chromosomes to 47 [5].
Etiology:
Triple X Syndrome occurs via nondisjunction [5].
During meiosis, a pair of chromosomes fails to spilt [4]. This results in the formation of a sperm or egg with an extra chromosome [2].
The resulting embryo will, in this case, have three X chromosomes at chromosome pair 23 [2].
Research shows source is more likely to be maternal [2].
Incidence:
1/1000 girls are born with this genetic disorder [5].
How common is this in America?
For every 10 girls, half will have Trisomy X [5].
Syndrome is not inherited [3]
[4]

3. Clinical Information Signs/Symptoms Treatment
Physical signs:
tall in height [3]
decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) [3]
inner corners of the eyes have vertical skin folding (epicanthal folds) [3]
curving of the pinky finger (clinodactyly) [3]
Cognitive signs:
delays in motor and speech skills set [2]
disabilities in learning & socializing [2]
decreased self-esteem [2]
late onset of maturity [2]
Anxiety [2]
Mood disorders [2]
Symptoms:
decreased fertility [2]
Minority women prone to Premature Ovarian failure [2]; early menopause [2]
However, majority of the women with Trisomy X will be able to reproduce [5]
constipation [3]
pain in the abdomen region [3]
renal complications [2]
seizures [2]
Unfortunately, there is no known cure [2]
Lifestyle modifications:
Therapy for speech and motor skill delays [2]
Anxiety treatment including therapy and medication [2]
Gastrointestinal conditions: female should intake a diet high in fiber [2]. She should also take a laxative and partake in exercise [2]
Educational accommodations: small class size, home school, part time student [2]

4. References
[1]IUPUI Department of Biology, “Human Chromosomal Disorders”,
[2]Klinefelter Syndrome and Associates, “Frequently Asked Questions Related to Trisomy X (47,XXX),”
[3] Mayo Clinic, “Triple X Syndrome,”
[4] Penn State Eberly College of Science, “How are Sex Chromosomes Inherited ?,”
[5] U.S. National Library of Medicine, “Triple X Syndrome,”