1. Astrophysics Division 1 Richard E Griffiths Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Wide Field Surveys, STScI, June 14 2011 Wide-Field Surveys: the NASA Perspective

2. Astrophysics Division Space Wide-Field Surveys 2  Microwave COBE (1989), WMAP (2001), Planck (ESA - 2009)  IR IRAS 1983, WISE 2009  UV EUVE 1992, GALEX 2003  X-ray UHURU 1970, Ariel V [UK – 1974], SAS-C 1975, HEAO-1 1977, ROSAT [FRG 1990]  Gamma-ray COS-B [ESA-1975], CGRO 1991, Integral [ESA – 2002], Swift 2004, Fermi 2008  Visible, NIR ???

3. Astrophysics Division What’s changed: JWST project was moved to its own Theme within the Science Mission Directorate The Explorer program is being split into two pieces such that Astrophysics and Heliophysics will manage their own Explorers resources beginning in 2012  A Future Astrophysics Explorer missions budget was created in response to the Decadal Survey recommendation to increase the flight rate of astrophysics missions and missions of opportunity. Support for concept planning and technology development for decadal survey large mission priorities (WFIRST, LISA, IXO) under supporting research and technology lines Augmented budgets for decadal survey medium &small technology and R&A initiatives  SOFIA budget increased to restore science and preserve 2 nd generation instrument selection and development NuSTAR LRD now February 2012 to accommodate launch services availability ASTRO-H confirmed for implementation; GEMS approved for Phase B and budget re- phased Extended support for top ranked missions in the 2010 Senior Review, but support for RXTE and GALEX extended operations and the INTEGRAL and Suzaku Guest Observer programs will terminate by the end of FY2011 JDEM &SIM projects have been closed out; not recommended by the Decadal Survey Reductions to operations and guest observer programs for Chandra, HST, and Swift What’s the same: Herschel, Kepler, Fermi, and Keck operations Post-Astro2010 What’s Changed and What’s the Same 3

4. Astrophysics Division NWNH Decadal Recommended Space Activities (Notional Plan) 4 $ in millions, does not include civil servant labor Top line: FY2012 PBR Bottom line: augmentation above 2011 Program Scale Recommendation Recommended US Share FY 2011 PBR FY 2012FY 2013FY 2014FY 2015FY 2016 5-year total LargeWFIRST$1,600Pre-formulation planning and technology development only Large Explorer Program Augmentation $463 0.01.15.425.547.876.4 156.3 1.15.425.547.876.4 156.3 LargeLISA (including ST-7)$1,500 3.24.37.98.78.310.0 39.3 1.14.85.55.16.8 23.3 LargeIXO$3,100 2.33.06.47.0 7.3 30.7 0.74.14.7 5.0 19.2 Medium New Worlds Tech Development $100-200 6.28.619.724.025.728.9 106.9 2.413.517.919.622.7 76.1 Medium Inflation Probe Tech Development $60-200 0.00.23.54.14.05.0 16.8 0.23.54.14.05.0 16.8 Small Astrophysics Theory Program Augmentation +$35M over 10 years 11.812.715.215.315.816.0 74.9 0.93.43.53.94.2 15.9 Small Definition of a future UV- optical space capability $40M over 10 years 0.40.13.03.6 3.7 13.9 -0.32.63.2 3.3 11.9 Small Intermediate Tech Dev Augmentation +$2M/yr, growing to +15M/yr in 2021 20.823.027.7 27.227.9 133.4 2.26.9 6.47.1 29.6 SmallLaboratory Astrophysics+$2M/yr 3.23.54.7 5.0 22.9 0.41.5 1.8 6.9 SmallSPICA$150MPossible competed opportunity SmallSuborbital Program+15M/yr 22.025.837.639.840.041.0 184.1 3.815.617.818.019.0 74.3 Small Theory and Computation Networks +$5M/yr 0.00.53.03.1 4.0 13.7 0.53.03.1 4.0 13.7

5. Astrophysics Division Current Astrophysics Mission Portfolio 5

6. Astrophysics Division Projected portfolio by 2016 (potential partnership; selection pending) One additonal Explorer mission in formulation/development likely Likely one additional Explorer mission in development and another in formulation; possible international collaboration Under review Pending confirmation 6

7. Astrophysics Division 2001 DOE SNAP Proposal 2005-07 NASA Mission Concept Studies - 3 selected 2005 Dark Energy Task Force (theory study) 2007 BEPAC Recommendation - JDEM Highest Priority of Einstein Probes - search for partners 2007-08 RFI + TMC reviews of Mission Concept Studies 2007 Fall: Joint planning initiated with DOE, under guidance of OSTP 2008 Nov. JDEM MoU signed by NASA/DOE 2008 Figure-of-Merit Science Working Group (theory) 2008-09 Science Coordination Group - Reference Mission defined 2008 GSFC Project Office established 2008 Pre-A.O. Announcement Oct 15 2008 NASA/ESA Bilateral meetings July 08, Jan 09 2009 Studies initiated to combine JDEM and Euclid into one mission 2009 Draft AO planned for Feb/Mar (cancelled) 2010 ESA invites NASA to join Euclid as 20% partner 2010 Astro-2010 does not endorse Euclid collaboration, proposes WFIRST – expansion of science goals. JDEM study terminated 2010 WFIRST SDT formed 2011 WFIRST Design Reference Mission A Brief History of Dark Energy Mission Studies

8. Astrophysics Division The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA observatory designed to address essential questions in both exoplanet and dark energy research and to perform an IR survey of the sky. Astro2010’s highest priority large space mission. Update: –SDT members selected –SDT kickoff telecon on Jan 3, 2011 –4 face-to-face meetings have been held –Subgroups have been formed on focused report topics and have met via telecons and f2f Next Steps: –Delivery to NASA of ad-interim report due June 2011 –Next face-to-face meeting Oct Members of the Science Definition Team (SDT): J. Green, CU/CASA, Chair P. Schechter, MIT, Chair R. Bean, Cornell University C. Baltay, Yale C. Bennett, JHU D. Bennett, Univ. of Notre Dame R. Brown, STScI C. Conselice, Univ. of Nottingham M. Donahue, Michigan State University S. Gaudi, Ohio State University T. Lauer, NOAO B. Nichol, Univ. of Porthsmouth S. Perlmutter. Univ. of Berkeley/LBLN B. Rauscher, GSFC J. Rhodes, JPL T. Roellig, Ames D. Stern, JPL T. Sumi, Nagoya University A. Tanner, Georgia State University Y. Wang, Univ. of Oklahoma E. Wright, UCLA WFIRST 8 http://wfirst.gsfc.nasa.gov

9. Astrophysics Division The Budget Cycle 9

10. Astrophysics Division SMD Budget by Theme (RY $M) 10

11. Astrophysics Division ~$600-800 B/yr shortfall 11 CBO Deficit Analysis and Forecast

12. Astrophysics Division Programmatic Content changes: Earth Science DESDynI and CLARREO Tier-1 missions significantly delayed; GMI-2 development for GPM LIO cancelled; non-flight program expansions curtailed Planetary funding can no longer support all 5 development programs; Decadal Survey will provide priorities to guide decision-making on which programs will be cancelled, delayed, descoped, or implemented as planned Astrophysics able to fund the highest decadal priorities, but only technology development for large missions beyond JWST JWST budget growth to $375M/year (including Labor); schedule under review Heliophysics: launch vehicle cost increases may require descope of Solar Orbiter Collaboration NASA Science Budget Changes 12

13. Astrophysics Division FY 2013-FY 2016 estimates are notional Science Program Budget Summary

14. Astrophysics Division NASA FY2012 Budget Request 14

15. Astrophysics Division Astrophysics Program Content 15 Amounts in $M; JWST is managed separately as its own Theme FY 2010-2011 amounts include Civil Service Labor and Expenses (CSLE) FY 2013-2016 estimates are notional FY 2012-2016 amounts do not include CSLE

16. Astrophysics Division Research & Analysis Distribution (notional) 16 ($ in thousands, does not include civil servant labor) FY11 PBR FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 Research & Analysis57,88164,31282,83683,93285,10587,995 Suborbital payloads21,96423,77929,60430,80330,99231,958 Lab Astrophysics3,1933,5444,692 4,9575,016 Rest of APRA/APRET20,75122,96627,65727,69027,15227,892 Astrophysics Theory Program11,80512,72315,17815,27415,75115,982 Theory and Computation Networks 5003,0003,0773,1274,000 Technology Fellows 8002,7052,3963,1263,147 ADAP14,13216,95718,45118,93719,46619,832 Large Suborbital (MO) 2,000 8,000 9,000 R&A Suborbital payloads 21,964 23,779 29,604 30,803 30,992 31,958 Total Suborbital Program 21,964 25,779 37,604 39,803 39,992 40,958 ADAP14,13216,95718,45118,93719,46619,832

17. Astrophysics Division Supporting Research & Technology (notional) 17 ($ in thousands, does not include civil servant labor) FY11 PBRFY12FY13FY14FY15FY16 COR SR&T7,3439,16417,34119,01519,04019,915 Technology (core & competed)8133,2648,9419,0028,9709,595 Hubble fellows5,100 5,2006,1356,2206,420 Strategic SOFIA Instr Tech630450 HST development (de-orbit)400250 UV/Optical Space Capability4001002,9503,6283,6003,650 FY11 PBRFY12FY13FY14FY15FY16 PCOS SR&T9,43811,44222,03224,46024,09627,178 Technology (core & competed)000000 Einstein fellows3,7803,9704,2304,6464,7584,872 LISA tech awards180 Inflation probe tech 1603,5004,0954,0005,000 LISA/ST-73,1853,3127,9478,7008,31510,000 IXO2,2933,0006,3557,0197,0237,306 FY11 PBRFY12FY13FY14FY15FY16 EXEP SR&T12,45017,86738,65250,38850,24850,438 Technology (core & competed)6,1508,56919,68324,01425,73728,892 Wide Field IR Imaging and Spectroscopy1,79010,58218,21716,19113,064 Sagan Fellows3,3603,7604,0504,7004,8654,957 NExSci7201,6482,2122,4802,5492,601 Astrobiology1,500 102 COROT720600625875906924

18. Astrophysics Division Future implementation of WFIRST, SPICA recommendations LISA and IXO re-scope activities; LPF/ST-7 timeliness Usage of advisory structure for future planning JWST re-baseline FY12 budget reduction ramifications (terminations: GALEX, Suzaku,…) Issues & Concerns 18

19. Astrophysics Division Astrophysics Missions 19 (ESA, CSA) (JAXA) (ASI, Denmark) (DLR) (ESA, UK, Netherlands) (ASI, CNES, UK) (DOE, Intl team) (JAXA) (ESA) Next Senior Review in 2012 (ESA) (ASI, UK) (South Korea)

20. Astrophysics Division 20 Backup

21. Astrophysics Division WISE decommissioned end/Feb WFIRST SDT: Face-to-face meeting at JPL, 3/10-11. April/May Explorers proposal science reviews Apr 14/15 Herschel Science Team meeting Apr 26 ExoPAG and COPAG Joint SAG meeting on UV/Vis telescope May 1-6 NExScI /ExEP conference "Exploring Strange New Worlds: From Giant Planets to Super Earths" Flagstaff AZ Astrophysics Archives Senior Review, 5/17-19 Apr 27-29 Institute Visiting Committee May 9-10 Spitzer Users Panel Meeting Summer: SOFIA begins Early Science GO observations Late Spring : SOFIA Instrument AO issued June : WFIRST Preliminary report from SDT due July 12-14 Chandra Science Workshop – Structure in Clusters and Groups of Galaxies July 25-29 Sagan Summer Workshop, Exploring Exoplanets with Microlensing Recent / Upcoming Events 21

22. Astrophysics Division 22 Mission Launches etc. 20112012 Balloon Campaigns Opportunities CY Astrophysics Mission Events Antarctica Sweden Ft. Sumner (spr) Ft. Sumner (fall) Palestine Australia D/J Rocket Program. Suborbital FUSP1FUSP1 PI C T U R E 1 Last Updated: February 7, 2011 Feb NuSTAR J/J A/S M/J D/J XQC4XQC4 ACCESS1ACCESS1 ACCESS2ACCESS2 MicroXMicroX XQC5XQC5 A/M J/J A/S M/A D/J FORTIS1FORTIS1 EXOS2EXOS2 IMAGER1IMAGER1 FORTIS2FORTIS2 EXOS3EXOS3 XACT1XACT1 ACCESS3ACCESS3 EXOS4EXOS4 XACT2XACT2 ACCESS4ACCESS4 2013 FIREFIRE SLICESLICE SepApr JanOct TBD MarOctApr Dec TBDSep TBD TBD r TBD TBD r TBD 2014 D/J A/M J/J A/S M/A Future AOs will depend upon the Agency response to the Astro2010 Decadal Survey M/A (HERO) Jul LPF/ST-7 (CREAM VI, BLAST, SPB Test) SOFIA Instr AO spring Jun C I B E R 1-3 (No astrophysics flights) (TGF, GRAPE) 2015 Feb Astro-H Apr GEMS (TBD)

23. Astrophysics Division

24. Astrophysics Division Astrophysics Research Program 24

25. Astrophysics Division Accomplishments and Significant Events 25 Suzaku −Observatory in good health; JAXA plans to operate mission through launch of ASTRO-H −NASA GO’s may apply for support under ADAP in Cycle 6 and beyond −Suzaku observations of the Perseus Cluster have provided the clearest picture to date of the size, mass and chemical content, providing the first direct evidence that million-degree gas is clumped in the cluster's outskirts. XMM −Observatory continues to operate well; Mission extension approved through December 2014 −NASA GO’s (Category A targets) eligible for support under GO Program; Category B target PI’s may apply to ADAP −Discovery of a “mature” galaxy cluster at z ~ 2 of roughly the mass expected for a progenitor to a modern cluster like Coma, with potential implications for the theory of cosmic structure formation ASTRO-H −Work progressing on NASA hardware contribution (Soft X-ray Spectrometer and 2 Soft X-ray Telescopes) −NASA Critical Design Review scheduled for late June −Launch planned for February 2012 on H2A rocket from Kagoshima, Japan NuSTAR −Instrument successfully integrated with Spacecraft at OSC −Observatory Integration and Test in progress; expected completion in late November −Launch scheduled for February 3, 2012 aboard a Pegasus LV from Kwajalein Atoll

26. Astrophysics Division 26 Under review Pending confirmation

27. Astrophysics Division One additional Explorer mission in formulation/development likely Under review Pending confirmation 27 Likely one additional Explorer mission in development and another in formulation; possible international collaboration

28. Astrophysics Division National Debt Outlook Deficit Debt Debt approaches WWII level (when defense was 42% of GDP) but will last much longer. Deficit remains at Reagan peak … for the foreseeable future.

29. Astrophysics Division Moreover … By 2021, we approach borrowing primarily to pay interest, which could instigate a debt spiral. “Tough” policies (e.g., let Bush tax cuts expire) would lead at best to stagnation; Borrowing remains high, crowding out private investment. Global investment could turn away from the United States. 29 Note: Interest will have grown from 1.4% to 3.3% of GDP from 2011 to 2021.

30. Astrophysics Division FY10: Spending and Revenue Composition 30 FY2010 Federal Budget expenditures: $3.5 T Total Revenues: $2.4 T

31. 31

32. Astrophysics Division Astrophysics – Operating Missions MissionLaunchEnd DatePhase -4-3-2 Jan 2011 Comments Hubble 1990-04-242014-05-31Ext GGGGG COS sensitivity loss issue closed with no impact to mission operations plan. G3  G6 RXTE 1995-12-302011-09-30Ext GGGGG Chandra 1999-07-232014-09-30Ext GGGGG XMM- Newton 1999-12-102014-09-30Ext GGGGG WMAP 2001-06-302010-10-31Ext GGG WMAP decommissioned. INTEGRAL 2002-10-172010-09-30Ext G NASA ended Guest Investigator program support. GALEX 2003-04-282012-09-30Ext GGGGG Spitzer 2003-08-252013-09-30Ext GGGGG Swift 2004-11-202014-09-30Ext GGGGG Suzaku 2005-07-102011-09-30Ext GGGGG Fermi 2008-06-112013-08-18Prime GGGGG Kepler 2009-03-072012-11-07Prime GGGYG Team working on SOC upgrades. Herschel 2009-05-142013-05-14Prime GGGGG Planck 2009-05-142012-02-14Prime GGGGG Catalog release in Jan 12, 2011 – 4 days early. WISE 2009-12-142011-01-31Ext GGGGG Decommissioning end of Feb. On plan, adequate margin Problems, working to resolve within planned margin Problems, not enough margin to recover 32

33. Astrophysics Division Backup Slides 33

34. Astrophysics Division Respond to decadal survey recommendations with augmentations to the Explorer program, Balloon program, Astrophysics research program, and technology development, but defer initiating the next large mission beyond JWST Support missions in prime operations (Herschel, Planck, Fermi, Kepler, and HST) Complete integration of NuSTAR for a Feb 2012 launch SOFIA will continue to ramp up science flight hours to achieve full operating capability (FOC) by 2014 and will develop the second generation of instruments Continue development/implementation of Astro-H for a Feb 2014 launch Continue formulation and development of GEMS for an Apr 2014 launch Use Senior Review recommendations to prioritize funding for missions in extended operations Astrophysics Program/Budget Strategy 34 Innovate, Educate, Build “To reach new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.”

35. Astrophysics Division What’s changed: JWST project was moved to its own Theme within the Science Mission Directorate The Explorer program is being split into two pieces such that Astrophysics and Heliophysics will manage their own Explorers resources beginning in 2012  A Future Astrophysics Explorer missions budget was created in response to the Decadal Survey recommendation to increase the flight rate of astrophysics missions and missions of opportunity. Support for concept planning and technology development for decadal survey large mission priorities (WFIRST, LISA, IXO) under supporting research and technology lines Augmented budgets for decadal survey medium &small technology and R&A initiatives  SOFIA budget increased to restore science and preserve 2 nd generation instrument selection and development NuSTAR LRD now February 2012 to accommodate launch services availability ASTRO-H confirmed for implementation; GEMS approved for Phase B and budget re- phased Extended support for top ranked missions in the 2010 Senior Review, but support for RXTE and GALEX extended operations and the INTEGRAL and Suzaku Guest Observer programs will terminate by the end of FY2011 JDEM &SIM projects have been closed out; not recommended by the Decadal Survey Reductions to operations and guest observer programs for Chandra, HST, and Swift What’s the same: Herschel, Kepler, Fermi, and Keck operations What’s Changed and What’s the Same since Astro-2010 Decadal Review 35

36. Astrophysics Division New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey science themes well aligned to those of NASA’s Astrophysics Program: Cosmic Dawn  Cosmic Origins New Worlds  Exoplanet Exploration Physics of the Universe  Physics of the Cosmos The survey chose a budget scenario comprising constant FY10 dollars into the future, which is higher than NASA’s guidance and the projected Astrophysics budget This was the first NRC decadal survey for NASA that included independent cost analysis of candidate mission concepts The survey aimed for an integrated scientific program of space-based and ground-based observation and science. Agency Response: Support for mission concept planning and technology development relevant to the survey’s highest priority Large space mission: Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). A Future Astrophysics Explorer missions budget was created to increase the flight rate to achieve the recommended four missions and four missions of opportunity selected by the end of the decade. Augmenting investments in core research and technology programs, including the suborbital program (sounding rockets and balloons), theory, laboratory astrophysics, etc. Astro2010 Decadal Survey Summary 36

37. Astrophysics Division Respond to decadal survey recommendations with augmentations to the Explorer program, Balloon program, Astrophysics research program, and technology development, but defer initiating the next large mission beyond JWST Support missions in prime operations (Herschel, Planck, Fermi, Kepler, and HST) Complete integration of NuSTAR (X-ray SMEX) for a Feb 2012 launch SOFIA will continue to ramp up science flight hours to achieve full operating capability by 2014 and will develop the second generation of instruments Continue development/implementation of Astro-H for a Feb 2014 launch Continue formulation and development of GEMS for an Apr 2014 launch Use Senior Review recommendations to prioritize funding for missions in extended operations Post-Astro2010 Astrophysics Program/Budget Strategy 37

38. Astrophysics Division 38 * JDEM Redshift Surveys JDEM * NIR Imaging Surveys JDEM provides a comprehensive data set (100's TB) to world community for ancillary science with factor 100-1000 step forward in imaging & redshift surveys JDEM NIR Surveys