1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

2. CREATION OF A NEW WORLDVIEW  Questioning of old knowledge & assumptions  Gradual replacement of religious & superstition presumptions  Gradual rise of science & reason

3. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS  PTOLEMY: Geocentricism  NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543): Heliocentrisim  TYCHO BRAHE (1546-1601): More accurate position of planets  JOHANNES KEPLER, (1571- 1630): Elliptical planetary movement

4. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS  GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)  Constructed first telescope  Described motion of bodies on earth

5. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS  ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)  Universal Gravitation: combined laws of planetary & earth motion  Numerous practical applications

6. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION DISCOVERIES IN OTHER SCIENCES  Botany: new medical applications  Anatomy: better understand of how human body worked  Microscope invented

7. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT  FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626)  Inductive reasoning: working from particular to general conclusions  Empiricism & scientific method

8. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT  RENÉ DESCARTES (1596-1650)  Geometry: any algebraic formula could be plotted as curve in space  Cartesian Dualism: division of reality into “thinking substance” & “extended substance”  Deductive Reasoning: starting with general assumptions & working downward

9. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION POLITICAL THOUGHT  THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)  Negative, mechanistic view of human nature  Strong sovereign necessary to control conflicting desires Hobbe’s Leviathan

10. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION POLITICAL THOUGHT  JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)  TABULA RASA: humans born with blank slate  Government & public enter contract