1. The Broadcast Media & the Importance of the Local Hurricane Impact History Message A Presentation for the 2015 NTWC Lew Fincher Hurricane Historian Galveston County Historical Commission

2. All Decision Makers Need To Understand Risk What Has Happen Before… 10-50 – 150 Years ago… County Judges & City Mayors Need To Make Proper Evacuation Decisions… Families Need To Understand If They Can Safely “Hunker Down” In Their Safe Have (Home) How can the Broadcast Media Help With This Message?

3. AS FAR BACK AS 1898 PRESIDENT WILLIAM MCKINLEY UNDERSTOOD THE THREAT FROM THE “WEST INDIAN HURRICANE”… WHAT TODAY I CONSIDER THE “TROPICAL TERRORIST.” Galveston Texas – Pre-1900 Storm

4. How many times have we heard, “It’s Never Happened This Bad Before!” 2008 Hurricane Ike… Surprised by the early flooding before landfall? Remember 1961 Hurricane Carla 2008 Hurricane Ike… Surprised by the early flooding before landfall? Remember 1961 Hurricane Carla Hurricane Season Starts in August… Remember Audrey, in June 1957? Hurricane Season Starts in August… Remember Audrey, in June 1957? Hurricane Ike’s Storm Surge Warning… did Galveston remember that the Seawall was built 17 ft. high… the warning was for a possible 22 ft. Hurricane Ike’s Storm Surge Warning… did Galveston remember that the Seawall was built 17 ft. high… the warning was for a possible 22 ft.

5. Was 1980 Hurricane Allan’s Evacuation Problem forgotten? Anyone remember 2005 Hurricane Rita’s Evacuation Problem?

6. 1965 Hurricane Betsy Floods the Lower 9 th Ward… Any other hurricane come to mind? (Katrina?)

7. Remember That Hazmat Releases Are Possible When Building Codes Are Exceeded… Think! Safe Haven vs Hunkering Down

8. Man and woman standing in front of wrecked house partially submerged in sand. "Does this need to be explained? A true Galvestonian would say this aint so, but I guess it is just the same. You can hide bodies, but things like this can't be hid." Verso stamped: Morris-Carter Photo Supply Co., Galveston, Tex. 1915 Galveston Hurricane Aftermath

9. You Can’t Compare Past Damage Costs With Todays… What Has Happened Before In History, Can Repeat Itself… Or… Be Worse Than Ever Before! Before where was very little… Now… Massive Development All Along Our Coastline Massive Development All Along Our Coastline Industrial Centers Have Grown Industrial Centers Have Grown We Are Building In Areas Where Our Ancestors Would Not! We Are Building In Areas Where Our Ancestors Would Not! The Costs of Rebuilding Have Exploded The Costs of Rebuilding Have Exploded

10. FIND THE FACTS FROM HISTORY EXPERTS Your Local County Historical Commission Your Local County Historical Commission Your Local Emergency Management Coordinator Your Local Emergency Management Coordinator Your Local Research Librarian Your Local Research Librarian Your Local Historical Society Your Local Historical Society The NOAA Hurricane Research Division The NOAA Hurricane Research Division The National Hurricane Conference’s Hurricane History Committee The National Hurricane Conference’s Hurricane History Committee Dr. Chris Landsea, S.O.O. at the NHC in Miami, FL Dr. Chris Landsea, S.O.O. at the NHC in Miami, FL Dr. Carl Mock, Climate Professor, Univ. South Carolina Dr. Carl Mock, Climate Professor, Univ. South Carolina Your Local NWSFO Archives Your Local NWSFO Archives

11. READ & LEARN A WEEKEND IN SEPTEMBER – John Edward Weems A WEEKEND IN SEPTEMBER – John Edward Weems 1900 GALVESTON FLOOD – Nathan Greene 1900 GALVESTON FLOOD – Nathan Greene DIVINE WIND – Kerry Emanuel DIVINE WIND – Kerry Emanuel THE HURRICANE ALMANAC, TEXAS EDITIONS – Michael Ellis THE HURRICANE ALMANAC, TEXAS EDITIONS – Michael Ellis HURRICANE WATCH – Dr. Bob Sheets & Jack Williams HURRICANE WATCH – Dr. Bob Sheets & Jack Williams INFINITE MONSTER – Leigh Jones & Rhiannon Meyers INFINITE MONSTER – Leigh Jones & Rhiannon Meyers HURRICANE BEULAH – ARMY CORP OF ENGINEERS HURRICANE BEULAH – ARMY CORP OF ENGINEERS GALVESTON: A CITY ON STILTS – Jodi Wright-gidley & Jennifer Marines GALVESTON: A CITY ON STILTS – Jodi Wright-gidley & Jennifer Marines INDIANOLA – Brownson Malsch INDIANOLA – Brownson Malsch THROUGH A NIGHT OF HORRORS – Casey Edward Greene & Shelly Henley Kelly THROUGH A NIGHT OF HORRORS – Casey Edward Greene & Shelly Henley Kelly SO MANY OTHERS THAT COVER SO MANY SECTIONS OF OUR NATION’S HURRICANE HISTORY THAT SHOULD BE READ TO SERIOUSLY GRASP THE THREAT FROM THE TROPICAL TERRORISTS IN A VERY PERSONAL WAY SO MANY OTHERS THAT COVER SO MANY SECTIONS OF OUR NATION’S HURRICANE HISTORY THAT SHOULD BE READ TO SERIOUSLY GRASP THE THREAT FROM THE TROPICAL TERRORISTS IN A VERY PERSONAL WAY

12. HISTORY WILL REPEAT ITSELF… WILL YOU BE PREPARED? THANKS FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTIONS? lew@hurricaneconsulting.net@Hurakan