1. HOW DO YOU DEFINE DRUG ABUSE AND DRUG MISUSE?
Drug abuse is a form of drug-taking behavior that results in some form of physical, mental, or social impairment.
Drug misuse is a form of drug-taking behavior in which a prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter) drug is used inappropriately.

2. ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Injection (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection)
Inhalation (smoking)
Oral administration (by mouth)
Absorption through the skin or membranes (intranasal sniffing, sublingual absorption, rectal suppository, transdermal patch)

3. SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE DSM-IV CRITERIA
At least 3 out of the following must apply within the past year:
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Unintentional overuse
Persistent desire or efforts to control drug use
Preoccupation with the drug
Reduction or abandonment of important social, occupational, or recreational activities in order to engage in drug use
Continued drug use despite major drug-related problems
Symptoms must have persisted for more than a month or occurred repeatedly over a longer period of time.

4. SUBSTANCE ABUSE DSM-IV CRITERIA
At least one of the following must apply within the past year:
Recurrent drug use resulting in a failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home
Recurrent drug use in situations in which use is physically hazardous
Recurrent drug-related legal problems, such as arrest for disorderly conduct or drug-related behavior
Continued drug use despite the knowledge of persistent social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems that would be caused or made more difficult by the use of the drug
Note: The person must have never met the criteria for substance dependence for this particular drug.

5. ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Oral administration (by mouth)
Injection (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection)
Inhalation (smoking)
Absorption through the skin or membranes
(intranasal sniffing, sublingual absorption, rectal suppository, transdermal patch)

6. DRUG USE PREVALENCE RATES FOR U.S. HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS IN 2005
Over the previous 30 days:
Alcohol percent
Binge drinking percent
At least 1 cigarette every day percent
At least a half-pack every day percent

7. PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR DRUG USE
An intact and positive home environment
— strong parent-child attachment
A positive educational experience
— aspirations/expectations to go to college
Conventional peer relationships
— social conforming attitudes among peers
Positive attitudes and beliefs
— high self-esteem

8. RISK FACTORS FOR MARIJUANA USE
At least a few close friends tried or used marijuana
Was ever offered marijuana
Friends not very upset if tried marijuana once or twice
Marijuana easy to get
Perception of not great risk for monthly marijuana use

9. FAMILY DYNAMICS AND DRUG ABUSE
Stages in the family reaction: denial, anger, bargaining, feeling, acceptance
Enabling behaviors as obstacles to rehabilitation
Survival roles and coping mechanisms

10. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN THE WORKPLACE
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
Drug testing in the workplace
Economic costs of AOD abuse
Impact of drug-free workplace policies

11. FINDING THE BEST TREATMENT PROGRAM
Inpatient versus outpatient treatment
Pharmacological versus psychotherapy or counseling
Self-help groups versus individualized treatment
Length of treatment program
Aftercare in terms of half-way or recovery houses

12. “ALCOHOL 101” PROGRAMS AlcoholEdu --- a web-based online course
AlcoholEdu for Sanctions --- an intervention program for students who have violated academic policies on alcohol use

13. WHERE YOU CAN GO FOR HELP
Yellow pages of the telephone book, under “Alcoholism Information” or “Drug Abuse and Addiction Information”
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), accessed through its web site at