1. Fill in the Graphic Organizer as the teacher tells the story

2. 1687-1789 Began with the English Revolution (1688) and ended with the French Revolution (1789) It affected England, the U.S., and France It shaped three revolutions English (1688), American (1776), French (1789)

3. It was the Age of Reason Philosophers used reason to examine human affairs – politics and economics They loved education and free speech. They believed in human progress They scorned ignorance and superstition, emotion and passion Most of all, they challenged traditional authority

4. The Scientific Revolution shaped the Enlightenment Philosophers loved Newton and his Law of Gravity (1687) They believed the world is a machine that operates according to a few simple laws Using reason, one could discover the “Natural Laws” of society

5. Self-Evident Truths  Just like the mathematician, a political philosopher begins with a self-evident truth  From there, you move to the next self-evident truth  Example:  God created an individual endowed with life and liberty  Government should preserve the individual’s right to life and liberty

6. They were political philosophers

7. John Locke England Two Treatises of Government – 1689 Natural Rights; The Social Contract

8. Baron de Montesquieu France The Spirit of the Laws – 1748 Rights of the minority

9. Thomas Jefferson U.S. Declaration of Independence - 1776 All men are created equal

10. James Madison U.S. U.S. Constitution - 1787 Separation of Powers

11. Jean-Jacque Rousseau France The Social Contract - 1762 “Father of the French Revolution”

12. Philosophers Wrote Books They condemned tyranny and social injustice They condemned people in authority... the government and the church Their ideas sparked the American Revolution and the French Revolution

13. During the Enlightenment, philosophers wanted to make progress and improve the world During the English Revolution (1688), John Locke came up with “Natural Rights” and the “Social Contract” During the American Revolution (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote “All men are created equal”

14. During the French Revolution (1789), Rousseau said “Let loose your passions!” and chaos followed People did not always operate on reason. The Paris mob operated on passion and emotion.