NTSC https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html.

NTSC https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 With regards to Hilbert's problems posed by the famous mathematician David Hilbert in 1900, an aspect of problem #10 had been floating about for almost 30 years before it was framed precisely. Hilbert's original expression for #10 is as follows: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 The Entscheidungsproblem must be considered the main problem of mathematical logic. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 —quoted, with this translation and the original German, in Dershowitz and Gurevich, 2008 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 By 1922, this notion of "Entscheidungsproblem" had developed a bit, and H. Behmann stated that https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1... most general form of the Entscheidungsproblem [is] as follows: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 A quite definite generally applicable prescription is required which will allow one to decide in a finite number of steps the truth or falsity of a given purely logical assertion... https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 —Gandy p. 57, quoting Behmann https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 Behmann remarks that... the general problem is equivalent to the problem of deciding which mathematical propositions are true. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 If one were able to solve the Entscheidungsproblem then one would have a "procedure for solving many (or even all) mathematical problems". https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 By the 1928 international congress of mathematicians, Hilbert "made his questions quite precise. First, was mathematics complete... Second, was mathematics consistent... And thirdly, was mathematics decidable?" (Hodges p. 91, Hawking p. 1121). The first two questions were answered in 1930 by Kurt Gödel at the very same meeting where Hilbert delivered his retirement speech (much to the chagrin of Hilbert); the third— the Entscheidungsproblem—had to wait until the mid-1930s. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 Church's paper (published 15 April 1936) showed that the Entscheidungsproblem was indeed "undecidable" and beat Turing to the punch by almost a year (Turing's paper submitted 28 May 1936, published January 1937) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 But what Church had done was something rather different, and in a certain sense weaker.... the Turing construction was more direct, and provided an argument from first principles, closing the gap in Church's demonstration. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Turing machine - The Entscheidungsproblem (the "decision problem"): Hilbert's tenth question of 1900 1 And Post had only proposed a definition of calculability and criticized Church's "definition", but had proved nothing. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 'NTSC', named for the 'National Television System Committee',National Television System Committee (1951–1953), [Report and Reports of Panel No https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 Most countries using the NTSC standard, as well as those using other Analog television#Standards|analog television standards, are switching to newer digital television standards, at least four different of which are in use around the world. North America, parts of Central America, and South Korea are adopting the Advanced Television Systems Committee standards|ATSC standards, while other countries are adopting or have adopted other standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 NTSC baseband video signals are also still often used in video playback (typically of recordings from existing libraries using existing equipment) and in CCTV and surveillance video systems https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The NTSC selected 525 scan lines as a compromise between RCA's 441-scan line standard (already being used by RCA's NBC TV network) and Philco's and DuMont Television Network|DuMont's desire to increase the number of scan lines to between 605 and 800 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 In December 1953, it unanimously approved what is now called the NTSC color television standard (later defined as RS-170a) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The first nationwide view of NTSC color came on the following January 1 with the coast-to-coast broadcast of the Tournament of Roses Parade, viewable on prototype color receivers at special presentations across the country. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The first color NTSC television camera was the RCA TK-40/41|RCA TK-40, used for experimental broadcasts in 1953; an improved version, the TK-40A, introduced in March 1954, was the first commercially available color television camera. Later that year, the improved TK-41 became the standard camera used throughout much of the 1960s. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The NTSC standard has been adopted by other countries, including most of the Americas and Japan. With the advent of digital television, analog broadcasts are being phased out. Most U.S. NTSC broadcasters were required by the FCC to shut down their analog transmitters in 2009. Low- power broadcasting|Low-power stations, Class A television service|Class A stations and Broadcast relay station|translators were not immediately affected. An analog cut-off date for those stations was not set. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 NTSC color encoding is used with the CCIR System M|System M television signal, which consists of 29.97 interlaced video|interlaced frames of video per second https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 The NTSC field refresh frequency in the black-and-white system originally exactly matched the nominal 60Hz utility frequency|frequency of alternating current power used in the United States https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 The actual figure of 525 lines was chosen as a consequence of the limitations of the vacuum-tube-based technologies of the day https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 At the time, the only practical method of frequency division was the use of a chain of vacuum tube multivibrators, the overall division ratio being the mathematical product of the division ratios of the chain https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PAL - PAL vs. NTSC 1 This is due to the fact that NTSC is generally used in countries with a Utility frequency of 60Hz and PAL in countries with 50Hz, although there are many exceptions https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PAL - PAL vs. NTSC 1 NTSC receivers have a tint control to perform colour correction manually. If this is not adjusted correctly, the colours may be faulty. The PAL standard automatically cancels hue errors by phase reversal, so a tint control is unnecessary. Chrominance phase errors in the PAL system are cancelled out using a 1H delay line resulting in lower saturation, which is much less noticeable to the eye than NTSC hue errors. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PAL - PAL vs. NTSC 1 However, the alternation of colour information—Hanover bars—can lead to picture grain on pictures with extreme phase errors even in PAL systems, if decoder circuits are misaligned or use the simplified decoders of early designs (typically to overcome royalty restrictions) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PAL - PAL vs. NTSC 1 Such systems suffered hue errors and other problems inherent in NTSC and required the addition of a manual hue control. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PAL - PAL vs. NTSC 1 PAL and NTSC have slightly divergent Colorimetry|colour spaces, but the colour decoder differences here are ignored. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J 1 'NTSC-J' was the analog signal|analog television system and video display standard for the region of Japan that ceased operations on July 24, 2011. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J 1 While NTSC-M is an official standard, J is more a colloquial indicator as used in Marketing definition (below) but not an official term. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Technical definition 1 It is based on 'regular' NTSC, but is slightly different. The black level and blanking level of the NTSC-J signal are identical (at 0 IRE (unit)|IRE), as they are in PAL, another video standard, while in American NTSC, black level is slightly higher (7.5 IRE (unit)|IRE) than blanking level. Because of the way this appears in the waveform, the higher black level is also called pedestal. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Technical definition 1 Since the difference is quite small, a slight change of the brightness setting is all that is required to enjoy the other variant of NTSC on any set as it is supposed to be. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Technical definition 1 The over-the-air RF frequencies in use in Japan do not match those of the US NTSC standard; there are also international differences in the frequency allocations for other services such as FM radio. The encoding of the stereo subcarrier also differs between NTSC-M/BTSC|MTS and the Japanese broadcast standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Marketing definition 1 The term NTSC-J is also used to distinguish regions in console video games, which use televisions. NTSC-J is used as the name of the video gaming region of Japan (hence the J), South East Asia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and South Korea (formerly part of SE Asia with Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, etc.). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Marketing definition 1 Video Game Region|NTSC-US, PAL region|PAL (or PAL-E, E stands for Europe) or NTSC-C (for People's Republic of China|China) mostly due to the regional differences of the PAL (SECAM was also used in the early 90s) and NTSC standards https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC-J - Marketing definition 1 China received its own designation due to fears of an influx of illegal copies flooding out of China, which is notorious for its rampant copyright infringements. There is also concern of copyright protection through regional lockout built into the video game systems and games themselves, as the same product can be edited by different publishers from one continent to another. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Pintsch gas 1 'Pintsch gas' was a gas compression|compressed fuel gas derived from distilled naphtha used for illumination purposes during the 19th and early 20th centuries. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Pintsch gas 1 Electricity and other artificial means of lighting eventually replaced Pintsch illumination. However, it was still used in lighthouses and beacons long after it was replaced elsewhere. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Working memory - Ericsson and Kintsch 1 Concerning this last typology, Kintsch, Patel and Ericsson consider that every reader is able to form an episodic text structure during text comprehension, if the text is well written and if the content is familiar https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 However, an NTSC, PAL or SECAM DVD player that has one or more analog composite video output (baseband or modulated) will only produce NTSC, PAL or SECAM signals, respectively, from those outputs, and may only play DVDs identified with the corresponding format. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 Some DVD players can only play discs identified as NTSC, PAL or SECAM, while others can play multiple standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 Again, NTSC discs can be played on most DVD systems worldwide, while PAL discs play on very few players outside of PAL/SECAM countries. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 Most computer-based DVD software and hardware can play both NTSC and PAL video and both audio standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 NTSC discs may be output from a PAL DVD player in three different ways: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 #using a non-chrominance|chroma encoded format such as component video#RGB analog component video|RGB SCART or YPbPr|YPBPR component video. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Region 1 - PAL/SECAM vs. NTSC 1 #using PAL#Multisystem PAL support and PAL 60|PAL 60 encoded composite video/S-Video—a hybrid system which uses NTSC's 525/60 line format along with PAL's chroma subcarrier https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 'NTSC', named after the 'National Television System Committee',National Television System Committee (1951– 1953), [Report and Reports of Panel No https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 Most countries using the NTSC standard, as well as those using other Analog television#Standards|analog television standards, have switched to newer digital television standards, there being at least four different standards in use around the world. North America, parts of Central America, and South Korea are adopting the Advanced Television Systems Committee standards|ATSC standards, while other countries are adopting or have adopted other standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 NTSC video signals are still used in video playback (typically of recordings from existing libraries using existing equipment) and in CCTV and surveillance video systems https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The first nationwide view of NTSC color came on the following January 1 with the coast-to-coast broadcast of the Tournament of Roses Parade, viewable on prototype color receivers at special presentations across the country. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 NTSC color encoding is used with the CCIR System M|System M television signal, which consists of 29.97interlaced video|interlaced frames of video per second https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Lines and refresh rate 1 The actual figure of 525lines was chosen as a consequence of the limitations of the vacuum-tube-based technologies of the day https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Uncanny - Ernst Jentsch 1 The state is first identified by Ernst Jentsch in a 1906 essay, On the Psychology of the Uncanny. Jentsch defines the Uncanny as: being a product of intellectual uncertainty; so that the uncanny would always, as it were, be something one does not know one’s way about in. The better orientated in his environment a person is, the less readily will he get the impression of something uncanny in regard to the objects and events in it., and expands upon its use in fiction: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Uncanny - Ernst Jentsch 1 Jentsch identifies German writer E.T.A. Hoffmann as a writer who utilizes uncanny effects in his work, focusing specifically on Hoffmann's story The Sandman (Der Sandmann), which features a lifelike doll, Olympia. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem 1 In mathematics and computer science, the (, German language|German for 'decision problem') is a challenge posed by David Hilbert in 1928 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem 1 showing that a general solution to the Entscheidungsproblem is impossible, assuming that the intuitive notation of effectively calculable is captured by the functions computable by a Turing machine (or equivalently, by those expressible in the lambda calculus) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - History of the problem 1 The origin of the goes back to Gottfried Leibniz, who in the seventeenth century, after having constructed a successful mechanical calculating machine, dreamt of building a machine that could manipulate symbols in order to determine the truth values of mathematical statements.Davis 2000: pp.3ndash;20 He realized that the first step would have to be a clean formal language, and much of his subsequent work was directed towards that goal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - History of the problem 1 In continuation of his program, Hilbert posed three questions at an international conference in 1928, the third of which became known as Hilbert's.Hodges p.91 As late as 1930, he believed that there would be no such thing as an unsolvable problem.Hodges p.92, quoting from Hilbert https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - Negative answer 1 Before the question could be answered, the notion of algorithm had to be formally defined. This was done by Alonzo Church in 1936 with the concept of effective calculability based on his lambda calculus|λ calculus and by Alan Turing in the same year with his concept of Turing machines. It was recognized immediately by Turing that these are equivalent model of computation|models of computation. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - Negative answer 1 The negative answer to the was then given by Alonzo Church in 1935–36 and multiple discovery|independently shortly thereafter by Alan Turing in 1936 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - Negative answer 1 The is related to Hilbert's tenth problem, which asks for an algorithm to decide whether Diophantine equations have a solution. The non-existence of such an algorithm, established by Yuri Matiyasevich in 1970, also implies a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Entscheidungsproblem - Negative answer 1 Some first-order theories are algorithmically decidable; examples of this include Presburger arithmetic, real closed fields and Type system#Static typing|static type systems of many programming languages. The general first-order theory of the natural numbers expressed in Peano axioms|Peano's axioms cannot be decided with such an algorithm, however. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC 1 NTSC video signals are still used in video playback (typically of recordings from existing libraries using existing equipment) and in CCTV and surveillance video systems https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 The NTSC selected 525scan lines as a compromise between RCA's 441-scan line standard (already being used by RCA's NBC TV network) and Philco's and DuMont Television Network|DuMont's desire to increase the number of scan lines to between 605 and 800.What actually occurred was the RCA TG-1 synch generator system was upgraded from 441 lines per frame, 220.5 lines per field, interlaced, to 525 lines per frame 262.5 lines per field, also interlaced, with minimal additional changes, particularly not those affecting the vertical interval which, in the extant RCA system, included serrated equalizing pulses bracketing the vertical synch pulse, itself being serrated https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - History 1 42, Issue 1, p.79-80The Frequency Interleaving Principle in the NTSC Standards, Abrahams, I.C., Proc https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Colorimetry 1 The original 1953 color NTSC specification, still part of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, defined the colorimetry|colorimetric values of the system as follows:47 CFR § 73.682 (20) (iv) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Colorimetry 1 Early color television receivers, such as the RCA CT-100, were faithful to this specification (which was based on prevailing motion picture standards), having a larger gamut than most of today's monitors https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - SMPTE C 1 To ensure more uniform color reproduction, receivers started to incorporate color correction circuits that converted the received signal— encoded for the colorimetric values listed above— into signals encoded for the phosphors actually used within the cathode ray tube|monitor https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - SMPTE C 1 Similarly at the broadcaster stage, in 1968-69 the Conrac Corp., working with RCA, defined a set of controlled phosphors for use in broadcast color picture video monitors. This specification survives today as the 'SMPTE C' phosphor specification: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - SMPTE C 1 As with home receivers, it was further recommendedInternational Telecommunications Union Recommendation ITU-R 470-6 (1970– 1998): Conventional Television Systems, Annex 2. that studio monitors incorporate similar color correction circuits so that broadcasters would transmit pictures encoded for the original 1953 colorimetric values, in accordance with FCC standards. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - SMPTE C 1 9 as approved in SMPTE standard 170M, Composite Analog Video Signal— NTSC for Studio Applications (1994) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - SMPTE C 1 Both the PAL and SECAM systems used the original 1953 NTSC colorimetry as well until 1970; unlike NTSC, however, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) rejected color correction in receivers and studio monitors that year and instead explicitly called for all equipment to directly encode signals for the EBU colorimetric values,European Broadcasting Union (1975) Tech https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Color encoding 1 This allows black-and-white receivers to display NTSC color signals by simply ignoring the chrominance signal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Color encoding 1 In NTSC, chrominance is encoded using two color signals known as I (in-phase) and Q (in quadrature) in a process called Quadrature amplitude modulation|QAM https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Color encoding 1 For both analog and digital sets processing an analog NTSC signal, the original three color signals (Red, Green and Blue) are transmitted using three discrete signals (Luminance, I and Q) and then recovered as three separate colors and combined as a color image. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Color encoding 1 When a transmitter broadcasts an NTSC signal, it amplitude-modulates a radio- frequency carrier with the NTSC signal just described, while it frequency-modulates a carrier 4.5MHz higher with the audio signal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Color encoding 1 Lowering the line frequency is comparatively innocuous, because the horizontal and vertical synchronization information in the NTSC signal allows a receiver to tolerate a substantial amount of variation in the line frequency https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Transmission modulation scheme 1 An NTSC television channel as transmitted occupies a total bandwidth of 6MHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Transmission modulation scheme 1 Setup is a 54mV(7.5IRE) voltage offset between the black and blanking levels. It is unique to NTSC. CVBS stands for Color, Video, Blanking, and Sync. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 There is a large difference in frame rate between film, which runs at 24.0frames per second, and the NTSC standard, which runs at approximately 29.97 (10MHz×63/88/455/525)frames per second. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 In regions that use 25-fps television and video standards, this difference can be overcome by PAL speedup|speed-up. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 (In reality, over the course of an hour of real time, 215,827.2video fields are displayed, representing 86,330.88frames of film, while in an hour of true 24-fps film projection, exactly 86,400frames are shown: thus, 29.97-fps NTSC transmission of 24-fps film runs at 99.92% of the film's normal speed.) Still- framing on playback can display a video frame with fields from two different film frames, so any difference between the frames will appear as a rapid back-and-forth flicker https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 To avoid 3:2 pulldown, film shot specifically for NTSC television is often taken at 30frame/s. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 To show 25-fps material (such as European television series and some European movies) on NTSC equipment, a standards conversion must take place. There are two ways to accomplish this: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 *An 'analog technique', in which the frame rate is slowed from 25 to 23.976frames per second (a slowdown of about 4%) for subsequent Telecine#3:2 pulldown|3:2 pulldown. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 *A 'digital technique', involving interpolation of the contents of adjacent Film frame|frames in order to produce new intermediate frames; unless highly sophisticated motion-sensing algorithms are applied, this introduces Artifact (error)|artifacts, which modestly trained persons can spot. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 Film shot for NTSC television at 24frames per second has traditionally been accelerated by 1/24 (to about 104.17% of normal speed) for transmission in regions that use 25-fps television standards https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 Film shot for television in regions that use 25-fps television standards can be handled in either of two ways: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 * The film can be taken at 24frames per second. In this case, when transmitted in its native region, the film may be accelerated to 25fps according to the analog technique described above, or kept at 24fps by the digital technique described above. When the same film is transmitted in regions that use a nominal 30-fps television standard, there is no noticeable change in speed, tempo, and pitch. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 * The film can be taken at 25frames per second https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 Because both film speeds have been used in 25-fps regions, viewers can face confusion about the true speed of video and audio, and the pitch of voices, sound effects, and musical performances, in television films from those regions https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 These discrepancies exist not only in television broadcasts over the air and through cable, but also in the home-video market, on both tape and disc, including laser disc and DVD. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Frame rate conversion 1 In digital television and video, which are replacing their analog predecessors, single standards that can accommodate a wider range of frame rates still show the limits of analog regional standards. The ATSC standard, for example, allows frame rates of 23.976, 24, 29.97, 30, 59.94, and 60frames per second, but not 25 and 50. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 Because satellite power is severely limited, analog video transmission through satellites differs from terrestrial TV transmission. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 Amplitude modulation|AM is a linear modulation method, so a given demodulated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requires an equally high received https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 RF SNR. The SNR of studio quality video is over 50dB, so AM would require prohibitively high powers and/or large antennas. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 Wideband Frequency modulation|FM is used instead to trade RF bandwidth for reduced power. Increasing the channel bandwidth from 6 to 36MHz allows https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 a RF SNR of only 10dB or less. The wider noise bandwidth reduces this 40dB power saving by https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 36MHz / 6MHz = 8dB for a substantial net reduction of 32dB. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 Sound is on a FM subcarrier as in terrestrial transmission, but frequencies above 4.5MHz are used to reduce aural/visual https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 interference. 6.8, 5.8 and 6.2MHz are commonly used. Stereo can be multiplex or discrete, and https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 unrelated audio and data signals may be placed on additional subcarriers. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 A triangular 60Hz energy dispersal waveform is added to the composite baseband signal (video plus audio and data subcarriers) before modulation. This limits the satellite downlink Spectral density|power spectral density in case the video signal is lost. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 Otherwise the satellite might transmit all of its power on a single frequency, interfering with https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 terrestrial microwave links in the same frequency band. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 In half transponder mode, the frequency deviation of the composite baseband signal is reduced to 18MHz to allow another https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Modulation for analog satellite transmission 1 signal in the other half of the 36MHz transponder. This reduces the FM benefit somewhat, and the recovered SNRs are further reduced because the combined signal power must be backed off to avoid intermodulation distortion in the satellite transponder. A single FM signal is constant amplitude, so it can saturate a transponder without distortion. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Field order 1 CCIR Report 308-2 Part 2 Chapter XII— Characteristics of Monochrome Television Systems (1970 edition). An NTSC frame consists of an even field followed by an odd field. As far as the reception of an analog signal is concerned, this is purely a matter of convention and, it makes no difference. It's rather like the broken lines running down the middle of a road, it doesn't matter whether it is a line/space pair or a space/line pair; the effect to a driver is exactly the same. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Field order 1 This means that when reproducing many non NTSC based digital formats (including DVD) it is necessary to reverse the field order otherwise an unacceptable shuddering comb effect occurs on moving objects as they are shown ahead in one field and then jump back in the next. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Field order 1 This has also become a hazard where non NTSC progressive video is transcoded to interlaced and vice versa. Systems that recover progressive frames or transcode video should ensure that the Field Order is obeyed, otherwise the recovered frame will consist of a field from one frame and a field from an adjacent frame, resulting in comb interlacing artifacts. This can often be observed in PC based video playing utilities if an inappropriate choice of de-interlacing algorithm is made. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Comparative quality 1 This mostly applied to vacuum tube-based TVs, however, and later-model solid state sets using Vertical Interval Reference signals have less of a difference in quality between NTSC and PAL https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Comparative quality 1 (The NTSC resolution on the vertical axis is lower than the European standards, 525lines against 625.) However, it uses too much bandwidth for over-the-air transmission https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Comparative quality 1 With the advent of DVD players in the 1990s, component video also began appearing. This provides separate lines for the luminance, red shift, and blue shift. Thus, component produces near-RGB quality video. It also allows 480p progressive-scan video due to the greater bandwidth offered. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Comparative quality 1 The mismatch between NTSC's 30frames per second and film's 24frames is overcome by a process that capitalizes on the field rate of the interlaced NTSC signal, thus avoiding the film playback speedup used for 576i systems at 25frames per second (which causes the accompanying audio to increase in pitch slightly, sometimes rectified with the use of a pitch shifter) at the price of some Telecine judder|jerkiness in the video. See #Frame rate conversion|Frame rate conversion above. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC-M 1 Unlike PAL, with its many varied underlying broadcast television systems in use throughout the world, NTSC color encoding is invariably used with Broadcast television systems|broadcast system 'M', giving NTSC-M. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC-J 1 The channel encoding on NTSC-J differs slightly from NTSC-M https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-M (Brazil) 1 As a consequence of these close specs, PAL-M will display in monochrome with sound on NTSC sets and vice versa. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-M (Brazil) 1 :Color sub carrier 3.575611 MHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-M (Brazil) 1 :Sound carrier frequency 4.5 MHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-M (Brazil) 1 :Horizontal frequency 15.734 kHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-M (Brazil) 1 :Color subcarrier frequency 3.579545 MHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-N 1 This is used in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. This is very similar to PAL-M (used in Brazil). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-N 1 The similarities of NTSC-M and NTSC-N can be seen on the ITU analog television standards|ITU identification scheme table, which is reproduced here: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - PAL-N 1 As it is shown, aside from the number of lines and frame rate|frames per second, the systems are identical. NTSC-N/PAL-N are compatible with sources such as Video game console|game consoles, VHS/Betamax VCRs, and DVD players. However, they are not compatible with broadband broadcasts (which are received over an Antenna (radio)|antenna), though some newer sets come with baseband NTSC 3.58 support (NTSC 3.58 being the frequency for color modulation in NTSC: 3.58MHz). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC 4.43 1 Using a native NTSC TV to decode the signal yields no color, while using a PAL TV to decode the system yields erratic colors (observed to be lacking red and flickering randomly) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC 4.43 1 The NTSC 4.43 system, while not a broadcast format, appears most often as a playback function of PAL cassette format VCRs, beginning with the Sony 3/4 U-Matic format and then following onto Betamax and VHS format machines. As Hollywood has the claim of providing the most cassette software (movies and television series) for VCRs for the world's viewers, and as not all cassette releases were made available in PAL formats, a means of playing NTSC format cassettes was highly desired. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC 4.43 1 Since the VCR was ready to play the color portion of the NTSC recording using PAL color mode, the PAL scanner and capstan speeds had to be adjusted from PAL's 50Hz field rate to NTSC's 59.94Hz field rate, and faster linear tape speed. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC 4.43 1 The changes to the PAL VCR are minor thanks to the existing VCR recording formats. The output of the VCR when playing an NTSC cassette in NTSC 4.43 mode is 525lines/29.97frames per second with PAL compatible heterodyned color. The multi-standard receiver is already set to support the NTSC H V frequencies; it just needs to do so while receiving PAL color. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - NTSC 4.43 1 The existence of those multi-standard receivers was probably part of the drive for region coding of DVDs. As the color signals are component on disc for all display formats, almost no changes would be required for PAL DVD players to play NTSC (525/29.97) discs as long as the display was frame-rate compatible. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - OSKM 1 In January, 1960 (7 years prior to adoption of the modified SECAM version) the experimental TV studio in Moscow started broadcasting using OSKM system. OSKM abbreviation means Simultaneous system with quadrature modulation (Russian Одновременная Система с Квадратурной Модуляцией). It used the color coding scheme that was later used in PAL (U and V instead of I and Q), because it was based on D/K monochrome standard, 625/50. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - OSKM 1 The color subcarrier frequency was 4.4296875MHz and the bandwidth of U and V signals was near 1.5MHz. Only circa 4000 TV sets of 4 models (Raduga, Temp-22, Izumrud-201 and Izumrud-203) were produced for studying the real quality of TV reception. These TV's were not commercially available, despite being included in the goods catalog for trade network of the USSR. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - OSKM 1 The broadcasting with this system lasted about 3 years and was seized well before SECAM transmissions started in the USSR. None of the current multi-standard TV receivers can support this TV system. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Canada/U.S. video game region 1 Sometimes NTSC-US or NTSC-U/C is used to describe the video gaming region of North America (the U/C refers to U.S. + Canada), as regional lockout usually restricts games released within a region to that region. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 The standard NTSC video image contains some lines (lines 1–21 of each field) that are not visible (this is known as the Vertical Blanking Interval, or VBI); all are beyond the edge of the viewable image, but only lines 1–9 are used for the vertical- sync and equalizing pulses. The remaining lines were deliberately blanked in the original NTSC specification to provide time for the electron beam in CRT-based screens to return to the top of the display. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 VIR (or Vertical interval reference), widely adopted in the 1980s, attempts to correct some of the color problems with NTSC video by adding studio-inserted reference data for luminance and chrominance levels on line 19.[http://sipi.usc.edu/~weber/ee459/datas heets/LM1881.pdf ] Suitably equipped television sets could then employ these data in order to adjust the display to a closer match of the original studio image https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 A less-used successor to VIR, ghost- canceling reference|GCR, also added ghost (multipath interference) removal capabilities. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 Early teletext applications also used vertical blanking interval lines 14–18 and 20, but teletext over NTSC was never widely adopted by viewers.[http://experimentaltvcenter.org/his tory/tools/ttext.php3?id=16 Tools | The History Project] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 Many stations transmit TV Guide On Screen (Guide Plus|TVGOS) data for an electronic program guide on VBI lines. The primary station in a market will broadcast 4lines of data, and backup stations will broadcast 1line. In most markets the PBS station is the primary host. TVGOS data can occupy any line from 10-25, but in practice its limited to 11-18, 20 and line 22. Line 22 is only used for 2 broadcast, DirecTV and CFPL-DT|CFPL-TV. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 TiVo data is also transmitted on some commercials and program advertisements so customers can autorecord the program being advertised, and is also used in weekly half-hour infomercial|paid programs on Ion Television and the Discovery Channel which highlight TiVo promotions and advertisers. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 *, Over-the-air NTSC broadcasting in major cities abandoned by August 2011, replaced with ATSC. Some one-station markets or markets served only by full- power repeaters remain analogue.Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) [http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/NEWS/RELEAS ES/2007/r070517.htm Press release May 2007] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * Analog shutoff scheduled for December 31, 2017, simulcasting in ISDB-Tb. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by 2019, simulcasting DVB-T. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * Over-the-air NTSC broadcasting scheduled to be abandoned by January 1, 2019, simulcast in ATSC. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * (in Compact of Free Association with U.S.; U.S. aid funded NTSC adoption) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * Over-the-air NTSC broadcasting is still active but scheduled to be abandoned by December 31, 2015. Simulcasts in ATSC were phased-in starting with the largest markets first.[http://www.cft.gob.mx/work/models/C ofetel_2008/Resource/11244/TDT_Decret o_2010_09_02.pdf Transicion a TDT (Transition to DT)] (Spanish) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * (in Compact of Free Association with U.S., transitioning to DVB-T) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 *, NTSC broadcast to be abandoned by December 31, 2017, simulcasting ISDB-Tb. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

NTSC - Vertical interval reference 1 * Full-power over-the-air NTSC broadcasting was switched off on June 12, 2009[http://commerce.senate.gov/public/inde x.cfm?FuseAction=PressReleases.DetailPres sRelease_Id=84452e41-ca68-4aef-b15f- bbca7bab2973 ] in favor of ATSC. Low-power broadcasting|Low-power stations, Class A television service|Class A stations and Broadcast relay station|translators are not immediately affected, nor are remaining analog cable television systems. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

List of important publications in theoretical computer science - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem 1 * [http://www.abelard.org/turpap2/tp2- ie.asp HTML version], [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/research/ areas/ieg/e-library/sources/tp2-ie.pdf PDF version] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

List of important publications in theoretical computer science - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem 1 Description: This article set the limits of computer science. It defined the Turing Machine, a model for all computations. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

List of important publications in theoretical computer science - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem 1 On the other hand it proved the undecidability of the halting problem and Entscheidungsproblem and by doing so found the limits of possible computation. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Color television - Second NTSC 1 The possibility of a compatible color broadcast system was so compelling that the NTSC decided to re-form, and held a second series of meetings starting in January 1950. Having only recently selected the CBS system, the FCC heavily opposed the NTSC's efforts. One of the FCC Commissioners, R. F. Jones, went so far as to assert that the engineers testifying in favor of a compatible system were in a conspiracy against the public interest. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Color television - Second NTSC 1 Unlike the FCC approach where a standard was simply selected from the existing candidates, the NTSC would produce a board that was considerably more pro-active in development. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Color television - Second NTSC 1 The first network broadcast to go out over the air in NTSC color was a performance of the opera Carmen on October 31, 1953.Ed Reitan, [http://colortelevision.info/rca- nbc_firsts.html RCA-NBC Firsts in Television].Jack Gould, Television in Review: Further Thoughts on Color, The New York Times, Nov https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Apollo 11 missing tapes - NTSC broadcast tapes 1 The quality would be similar to what a few technicians and others saw at SSTV receiving ground stations before it got converted to NTSC https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

YIQ - FCC version of NTSC standard 1 The FCC version of NTSC standard, which is currently on the books for over-the-air analog color TV broadcasting, uses a slightly different matrix, which is: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

YIQ - FCC version of NTSC standard 1 in matrix notation, that equation system is written as: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

YIQ - FCC version of NTSC standard 1 * E_Y^\prime is the Gamma correction|gamma-corrected voltage of luma. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

YIQ - FCC version of NTSC standard 1 * E_R^\prime, E_G^\prime and E_B^\prime are the gamma-corrected voltages corresponding to red, green, and blue signals. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

YIQ - FCC version of NTSC standard 1 * E_I^\prime and E_Q^\prime are the amplitudes of the orthogonal components of the chrominance signal. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Reverse Standards Conversion - PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) 1 PAL and NTSC have a differing number of lines of resolution and also use a different field rate. Traditional standards conversion techniques adopted interpolation as a way to cater for the differences between line resolution and field frequency. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Reverse Standards Conversion - PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) 1 What the original BBC converter tried to do (using the limited technology of the day) was to minimise judder by choosing either one 50 Hz field or a 1/2-1/2 mix of two 50 Hz fields, whichever was nearer to the temporal position of the target 60 Hz field. This gives a sequence like this (Nx = 60 Hz field x, Py = 50 Hz field y): https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Reverse Standards Conversion - PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) 1 * N6 = P5 (ideal = 5, error = 0, start of next group) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Reverse Standards Conversion - PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) 1 Simply taking the nearest raw field would produce a peak to peak error of 0.83, instead of 0.33. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Reverse Standards Conversion - PAL to NTSC conversion (c. 1968) 1 This approach of interpolation results in some of the image data present in the PAL source material being merged between lines / fields of the resultant NTSC version. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Suddenly You Love Me (Uno Tranquillo) [1968] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Love's Just A Broken Heart (L’amour Est Ce Qu’il Est) [1968] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #You'll Never Get To Heaven (If You Break My Heart) [1969] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Mysterious People (Det Gatfulla Folket) [1970] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #I’ll Have To Say I Love You, In A Song [1974] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Desert Island Discs Interview with Roy Plomley – Audio Only Interview; Mono [1964] (DVD's Bonus Feature) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Passing Strangers (1957 song)|Passing Strangers with Cliff Richard [1968] (DVD's Bonus Feature) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) with Marvin, Welch Farrar [1971] (DVD's Bonus Feature) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - Disc Six (Bonus NTSC/Region 0 DVD) 1 #Something Tells Me (Something's Gonna Happen Tonight) – Opening Sequence for the BBC TV Show 'Cilla' [1973] (DVD's Bonus Feature) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

CCIR System M - NTSC-M and NTSC-J 1 Strictly speaking, System M does not designate how color is transmitted. However, in nearly every System M country, NTSC is used for color television, a combination called NTSC-M, but usually referred to more recently as simply NTSC because of the relative lack of importance of black-and-white television. In NTSC-M and Japan's NTSC-J, the frame rate is offset slightly, becoming 30000/1001 frames per second, usually labeled as the rounded number 29.97. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Widescreen signaling - NTSC Systems 1 525 scan line systems (PAL-M and NTSC) put the WSS data in lines 20 and 283. A start code consisting of the bits 10 is used, followed by 14 bits of information. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

ITU-R BT.470-6 - PAL vs. NTSC 1 This is due to the fact that NTSC is generally used in countries with a utility frequency of 60Hz and PAL in countries with 50Hz, although there are many exceptions https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 The Apollo moon missions (late 1960s, early 1970s) used SSTV as opposed to normal bandwidth television; this was mostly done to save battery power. The camera used only 7 watts of power. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 SSTV was used to transmit images from inside Apollo 7, Apollo 8, and Apollo 9, as well as the Apollo 11 Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module television from the Moon; see Apollo TV camera. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 * The SSTV system used in NASA's early Apollo missions transferred ten frames per second with a resolution of 320 frame lines using less bandwidth than a normal TV transmission. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 * The early SSTV systems used by NASA differ significantly from the SSTV systems currently in use by amateur radio enthusiasts today. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 * Standards conversion was necessary so that the missions could be seen by a worldwide audience in both PAL/SECAM (625 lines, 50Hz) and NTSC (525 lines, 60Hz) resolutions. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 In fact, even NTSC monochrome TV compatibility is marginal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 The conversion steps were completely electromechanical, and they took place in nearly real time. First, the downlink station corrected the pictures for Doppler shift. Next, in an analog disc recorder, the downlink station recorded and replayed every video field six times. On the six-track recorder, recording and playback took place simultaneously. After the recorder, analog video processors added the missing components of the NTSC color signal: These components include... https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 * The high-resolution monochrome signal https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Television standards conversion - SSTV to PAL and NTSC 1 The conversion delay lasted only some 10 seconds. Then color moon pictures left the downlink station for world distribution. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 The original black and white NTSC television standard specified a frame rate of 30Hz and 525 lines per frame, or 15750 lines per second. The audio was encoded 4.5MHz above the video signal. Because this was black and white, the video consisted only of https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 luminance (brightness) information. Although all of the space in between was occupied, the line-based nature of the video information meant that the luminance data was not spread uniformly across the frequency domain; it was concentrated at multiples of the line rate. Plotting the video signal on a spectrogram gave a signature that looked like the teeth of a comb or a gear, rather than smooth and uniform. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 RCA discovered that if the chrominance (color) information, which had a similar spectrum, was modulated on a carrier that was a half-integer multiple of the line rate, its signal peaks would fit neatly between the peaks of the luminance data and interference was minimized. It was not eliminated, but what remained was not readily apparent to human eyes. (Modern televisions attempt to reduce this interference further using a comb filter.) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 To provide sufficient bandwidth for the chrominance signal, yet interfere only with the highest-frequency (and thus least perceptible) portions of the luminance signal, a chrominance subcarrier near 3.6MHz was desirable. 227.5= 455/2 times the line rate was close to the right number, and 455's small factors (5× 7× 13) make a divider easy to construct. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 However, the original NTSC standard, with a 4.5MHz carrier spacing and a 15750Hz line rate, did not meet this requirement; the audio was at 285.714 times the line rate. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Colorburst - Rationale for NTSC Color burst frequency 1 While existing black and white receivers could not decode a signal with a different audio carrier frequency, they could easily use the copious timing information included in the video signal to decode a slightly slower line rate https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 - Die Große Entscheidungsshow 1 The national final will be a collaboration between four broadcasters in Switzerland: the Swiss-German broadcaster Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), the Swiss- French broadcaster Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS), the Swiss-Italian broadcaster Radiotelevisione svizzera (RSI) and the Swiss-Romansh broadcaster Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha (RTR). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 Working with 24p material via video equipment working at NTSC frame rates has many of the same attributes as the 24frame/s workflow, but is more complicated by the NTSC-rate practice of using Three-two pull down|telecine pulldown rather than the PAL practice of transferring 24frame/s material at 25frame/s. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 At standard analog NTSC video rates (29.97 frames per second) a full interlaced frame, unlike a progressive frame, is nearly 1/30th of a second and is composed of two separate fields, each field nearly 1/60 second https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 24p cameras do not, as NTSC video cameras do, shoot 30 interlaced frames per second (60 fields); they shoot 24 full progressive frames per second. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 24p material can be recorded directly into formats that support the framerate. Some of the emerging HD formats support the 24p framerate in addition to 60i and 50i (PAL). Previously, few formats supported 24p and the industry used workarounds to work with 24p footage with 60i equipment. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 The resulting video becomes a 60i stream and can be displayed on NTSC monitors https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 This 3:2 pulldown is the same process that is used when transferring telecine|film into video. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 Any editing application which supports NTSC video can be used to edit footage employing the 3:2 pulldown scheme https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 Most current prosumer-level editing applications which edit native 24p can remove the 3:2 pulldown for editing in native 24p, although some cannot https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

24p - Conversion of 24p to NTSC-based frame/field rates 1 Note: 3:2 pulldown has a cadence of 2-3- 2-3-2-3..., but in the industry is called 3:2 pulldown, even though the cadence is 2–3. Some people use the term 2:3 pulldown, which corresponds to the cadence, but is not normally used in the industry for the technique. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Transform coding - NTSC 1 One of the most successful transform encoding system is typically not referred to as such—the example being NTSC color television. After an extensive series of studies in the 1950s, Alda Bedford showed that the human eye has high resolution only for black and white, somewhat less for mid-range colors like yellows and greens, and much less for colors on the end of the spectrum, reds and blues. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Transform coding - NTSC 1 Using this knowledge allowed RCA to develop a system in which they discarded most of the blue signal after it comes from the camera, keeping most of the green and only some of the red; this is chroma subsampling in the YIQ color space. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Transform coding - NTSC 1 The result is a signal with considerably less content, one that would fit within existing 6MHz black-and-white signals as a phase modulated differential signal. The average TV displays the equivalent of 350 pixels on a line, but the TV signal contains enough information for only about 50 pixels of blue and perhaps 150 of red. This is not apparent to the viewer in most cases, as the eye has sophisticated systems for re-building a sharp image based on clues from contrast and edges. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 - Die Große Entscheidungsshow 1 The national final was a collaboration between four broadcasters in Switzerland: the Swiss-German broadcaster Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), the Swiss- French broadcaster Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS), the Swiss-Italian broadcaster Radiotelevisione svizzera (RSI) and the Swiss-Romansh broadcaster Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha (RTR). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Julia Jentsch 1 'Julia Jentsch' (born 20 February 1978) is an award winning German actress. She has received a number of awards including the Silver Bear, European Film Award, and Deutscher Filmpreis|Lola. She is best known as the Sophie Scholl|title character in Sophie Scholl – The Final Days, Jule in The Edukators and, Liza in I Served the King of England (film)|I Served the King of England. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Julia Jentsch - Career 1 Jentsch was born to a family of lawyers in West Berlin and began her acting education in Berlin at Hochschule Ernst Busch, a drama school. Her first prominent screen role was in the 2004 cult film The Edukators, starring opposite Daniel Brühl. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Julia Jentsch - Career 1 Jentsch garnered further attention playing the Sophie Scholl|title character in the 2005 film Sophie Scholl – The Final Days, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film. In an interview, Jentsch said that playing the role was an honour. She won Best Actress at the European Film Awards, at the German Film Awards (aka Lolas) and a Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for her role as Sophie Scholl. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Julia Jentsch - Selected filmography 1 *Downfall (2004 film)|Downfall, aka Der Untergang (2004) https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Julia Jentsch - Awards 1 *2005 Film Award in Gold at the Deutscher Filmpreis|German Film Awards as Best Actress for portraying the role of Sophie Scholl. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond 1 The Drentsche Patrijshond bears some resemblance to both spaniel and setter Dog type|types of dog https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Appearance 1 The Drentsche Patrijshond is 55 to 63cm (22 to 25 in).[http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/224gb 2003_en.doc (historical summary and breed standard, translated by A.H https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - History 1 The origins of the Drentsche Patrijshond are in the 16th century, from the Spioenen (or Spanjoelen) which came to the Netherlands through France from Spain, and is related to the Small Münsterländer of Germany and the Epagneul Français of France. In the Netherlands, these dogs were called partridge dogs. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - History 1 The presence of the partridge dogs had been visible for centuries, as in the 17th- century painting The Hunter's Present, c https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - History 1 As the Drentsche Patrijshond is a breed developed in the Netherlands, the breed standard was first developed and approved in 1943 by the [http://www.raadvanbeheer.nl/ Raad van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied] (Dutch Kennel Club), the Fédération Cynologique Internationale national kennel club for the Netherlands https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - History 1 In November 2010, the AKC recognized the Drentsche Patrijshond Club of North America (DPCNA) and the Drentsche Patrijshond was added to the AKC Foundation Stock Program, allowing owners of registered Drents to participate in AKC sanctioned events such as hunt tests and agility competitions, starting in 2011. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Use 1 For over 300 years, the Drentsche Patrijshond type has been an all-around dog. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Use 1 As with most European versatile breeds, the Drentsche Patrijshond points and retrieves, and will hunt both birds and small mammals, including rabbit, hare and fox https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Health 1 Breed health concerns may include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and hereditary stomatocytosis. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Temperament 1 Though the breed shows a strong hunting instinct in the field, and can be quite driven, these dogs tend to be more relaxed in the home than many of the hunting breeds. They are strongly attached to family members, loyal, and of sweet disposition, particularly with children. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Drentsche Patrijshond - Exercise 1 Happiest when working alongside a hunter, the Drentse enjoys the company of humans in the great outdoors. Several brisk turns around the park will satisfy it as well. Although it will come home and quietly assume its position on its bed, it should not be mistaken for a sedentary dog - the breed will suffer if insufficiently exercised. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) 1 In North American broadcast television frequencies, 'channel 1' is a former broadcasting|broadcast (Terrestrial television|over-the-air) television channel https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 Channel 1 was allocated at 44–50 MHz between 1937 and 1940. Visual and aural carrier frequencies within the channel fluctuated with changes in overall TV broadcast standards prior to the establishment of permanent standards by the National Television Systems Committee. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 In 1940, the FCC reassigned 44–50MHz to the FM broadcast band. Television's channel 1 frequency range was moved to 50–56MHz (see table below). Experimental television stations in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles were affected.Threat to Television Is Feared in Frequency Modulation Order, New York Times, May 21, 1940, p. 23. Gives Du Mont Right to Television Here, New York Times, July 21, 1940, p. 28. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 Commercial TV allocations were made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) under the NTSC system on July 1, 1941 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 In the first postwar allocation in the spring of 1946, Channel 1 was moved back to 44–50MHz, with visual at 45.25MHz and aural at 49.75MHz https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 When the FCC initially frequency allocation|allocated broadcast television frequencies, channel 1 was logically the first channel. These U.S. TV stations originally broadcast on the 50–56MHz channel 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 it broadcast an early form of monochrome pay television|pay-TV in 1951 as K2XBS Phonevision and conducted early NTSC|color television experiments before ultimately going dark (broadcasting)|dark in 1953.http://www.chicagotelevision.com/tim eline.htm Its transmitters were donated to WTTW (Public Broadcasting Service|PBS 11 Chicago)[http://www.compassrose.org/upt own/WBKBChicago.html CompassRose.org: WBKB Chicago] and its channel 2 assignment was taken by CBS owned-and-operated station|OO WBBM-TV. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 * KARO, Riverside, California|Riverside, California; never began broadcasting, no current VHF allocation; https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 * WSBE, South Bend, Indiana; never began broadcasting on channel 1, but was reallocated to UHF channel 34 in the 1952 revised channel allocation table, where it went on the air as WSBT-TV that year https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 By September 1945, additional stations temporarily granted construction permits to operate on channel 1 included: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 * W8XCT (WLW) Cincinnati, Ohio ultimately built on channel 4 as commercial station WLWT, later moved to channel 5. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 * W9RUI Iowa City, Iowa held an unbuilt construction permit, and additionally given a channel 12 assignment. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - History 1 * W8XGZ Charleston, West Virginia|Charleston, West Virginia, licensed to a chemical company, also held a channel one construction permit; there is no indication the stations ever got on the air.http://www.anarc.org/wtfda/channel1.ht m https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Community television 1 In 1946, prior to cable TV and the invention of public-access television channels, the FCC decided to reserve channel 1 for low-power Community television stations, and moved existing channel 1 stations to higher frequencies. Community television stations covered smaller cities and were allowed to use less radiated power. None of these stations were built before the FCC imposed a freeze on all television station construction permits in mid-1948, and removed the channel one allocations. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - A shared (non-primary) allocation 1 From 1945 to 1948 TV stations in the U.S. shared Channel 1 and other channels with fixed and mobile services. The FCC decided in 1948 that a primary (non- shared) allocation of the VHF radio spectrum was needed for television broadcasting. Except for selected VHF frequencies in Alaska and Hawaii (and some overseas territories) the FCC- administered VHF band is primarily allocated for television broadcasting to this day. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - A shared (non-primary) allocation 1 The FCC in May 1948 formally changed the rules on TV band allocations based on propagation knowledge gained during the era of shared-user allocations. The 44– 50MHz band (radio)|band used by Channel 1 was replaced by lower-power narrowband users. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - A shared (non-primary) allocation 1 Channel 1 was reassigned to fixed and mobile services (44–50MHz) in order to end their former shared use of other VHF TV frequencies. Rather than Numbering scheme|renumber the TV channel table, it was decided to merely remove Channel 1 from the table. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 As of September 2000, the Federal Spectrum Use of the band (which is regulated by the NTIA and not the FCC) http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/LRSP/L RSP5a.htm was as follows: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *'43.69–46.6 Non-Military Land Mobile Radio (LMR)':Primarily used by Federal agencies for mutual aid response with local communities. Military LMR: Used by the military services for tactical and training operations on a non-interference basis. (Band is otherwise non-government exclusive). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *'46.6–47 Govt https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *'47–49.6 Experimental':Used for experimental research to observe and measure currents in harbor areas in support of vessel safety. Military LMR: Used by the military services for tactical and training operations on a non- interference basis. (Band is otherwise non- government exclusive). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *'49.6–50 Govt https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *Primarily Land Mobile use from 43-46.6. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *46.61-46.89 is used by older cordless phone base stations. The handsets use the 49.61 - 49.89 range for transmitting to the base unit. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Modern allocations 43–50 MHz 1 *47.0-49.60 is used by LMR and then the cordless phone range. Early experiments with meteor scatter one way messaging was in the 49 - 50 range back in the early 1990s but it no longer exists due to reliable and cheaper satellite communications. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Channel 1 in other NTSC-using countries 1 Canada did not start regular television broadcasts until after the US had decommissioned Channel 1 (44–50MHz) for television use; CBFT and CBLT signed on in 1952. This TV channel was never used in Latin America, South Korea and the Philippines as TV broadcasting did not start in these areas until the 1950s. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable television interference issues 1 The use of 45.75MHz as an Superheterodyne receiver#Overview|intermediate frequency within television receivers became commonplace after UHF reception became an option in 1953. Channel 1's signal on this frequency (over the air, or on analogue cable) could create interference internally within TV's. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable television interference issues 1 Most cable systems use frequencies below 54MHz (VHF TV 2) for communication back to the cable provider from cable modems and digital apparatus, so any Cable 1 channel needs to avoid operation on the original VHF Channel 1 frequencies from the pre-1948 bandplans. As such, cable 1 is not related to the original 44–50MHz VHF channel except in name. It operates always at some higher frequency - often with channels 00 and 01 merely aliased to 98/99 or 100/101. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable television interference issues 1 Harmonically related carriers|HRC and Incrementally related carriers|IRC systems increase the spacing between channels 4 and 5 to a non-standard 6MHz, inserting cable 1 between channels four and five. This non-standard spacing is rarely used, is not compatible with all television receivers and has the effect of pushing channel six partially into the FM broadcasting|FM broadcast band. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 Channel 1 is not the only missing channel. In most countries, no stations are assigned to Channel 37|UHF Channel 37 (608 to 614MHz), which is reserved for radio astronomy. It remains on TV sets and tuners. There are a few Channel 37 stations operating in countries such as the Dominican Republic, Trinidad Tobago and The Philippines. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 Other channels have been removed and reassigned as well, but only from the higher UHF bands https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 * On August 22, 2011, the United States of America|United States' Federal Communications Commission announced a freeze on all future applications for broadcast stations requesting to use channel 51,FCC [http://transition.fcc.gov/Document_Indexe s/Media/2011_index_MB_Public_Notice.ht ml Public Notice DA-11-1428A1]: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 * [http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/ DA-11-1428A1_Rcd.pdf Rcd PDF] https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 * [http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/atta chmatch/DA-11-1428A1.txt Plain Text format] to prevent adjacent-channel interference to the A-Block of the 700 MHz band https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Other reassigned channels 1 In Europe, other recently abandoned TV channels are being used for Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB digital radio, in VHF band III. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Current uses 1 In the 1990s, it was decided that digital television would be limited to the current channels North American broadcast television frequencies|Channel 2 through 51, so that another 18 channels (Channels 52 to 69, 698 to 806MHz) could be auctioned for private use by mobile phone and wireless network providers; four of the channels were to be reserved for emergency services such as police radios https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Digital TV 1 The ATSC standard allows for a major virtual channel number from 1 to 99, followed by a separator ('.' or '-') and a digital subchannel number from 1 to 99 (for broadcast TV) or 1 to 999 (datacasting or cable TV). As such, it does not preclude the creation of a virtual channel 1.1 or a virtual channel channel 37|37.1: https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Digital TV 1 :The major_channel_number shall be between 1 and 99. The value of major_channel_number shall be set such that in no case is a major_channel_number / minor_channel_number pair duplicated within the TVCT.[http://www.atsc.org/standards/a65.p hp ATSC standard A/65C], page 32, Advanced Television Systems Committee, May 2006. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Digital TV 1 However, the specification does not define any criteria to determine whom (if anyone) could ultimately be assigned the 1.1 virtual channel series for over-the-air broadcast in a local community; it merely defines a procedure to allocate virtual channels 02– 69 based on holders of the corresponding (former) analogue NTSC licenses and designates virtual channels 70–99 for possible use to carry additional, unrelated programming via the facilities of these same broadcasters https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Digital TV 1 KAXT-LD San Jose, California has requested that the Federal Communications Commission permit its use of digital virtual channel 1.x effective September 1, 2009, on technical grounds, asserting that existing virtual channel numbering (22.x) conflicted with that employed by educational television|educational broadcaster KRCB Cotati, California|Cotati. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable TV 1 Cable television channel numbering is at the discretion of the cable system operator. North American cable television frequencies (analog System M) include a formally defined and allocated Channel 1. Cable TV's use of Channel 1 is rare and its frequency assignment is sometimes inconsistent. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable TV 1 Digital cable subscribers in many areas, such as those serviced by Comcast and Charter Communications, can find video on demand content at Channel 1. The TV Guide Network is also often found on a cable system's Channel 1. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Cable TV 1 Cable subscribers in the New York area receive local news channel NY1 on channel one (actually 101), served by Time Warner Cable and Cablevision. Rapid City, South Dakota National Broadcasting Corporation|NBC affiliate KNBN has also used a channel one brand and logo, based on its former cable converter channel position (over-the-air, KNBN is Ultra high frequency|UHF channel 21). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Satellite TV 1 Satellite television channel assignments depend on the receiver. Most FTA receivers will by default assign the first channel located during an initial signal scan as Channel 0001 while package receivers sold by individual pay-TV providers will often use the SID, a virtual identifier sent as part of the satellite signal, as a channel number. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - Satellite TV 1 The original Dish Network DishPlayer Digital video recorder|PVR (model 7100/7200) displayed a PTV Services menu listing recorded videos and upcoming scheduled recordings if tuned to channel 1. This menu is internal to the personal video recorder and does not correspond to a broadcast signal.http://www.iwantptv.com/dishplayer/ dishplayerguide.htm https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Channel 1 (NTSC-M) - NTSC-J 1 Japanese public broadcaster NHK NHK General TV|General TV broadcasts on Channel 1 in Tokyo and other cities. The Japanese Channel 1 is assigned to the frequency 90 to 96MHz, just above the Japanese FM band which is 76 to 90MHz. Frequencies corresponding to Japan's channel 1 through 3 (90–108MHz) are used primarily for FM radio broadcasting (88– 108MHz) outside Japan and correspond to cable converter box|cable 95–97 in North America. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Early life 1 With his parents, Joerg Hentschel, Martina Hentschel and his brother Uwe Hentschel, he escaped the socialistic regime 7 months before the Berlin wall came down. He was raised bilingually and moved around the world all his life. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 Hentschel worked in London as a professional back up dancer for artists such as Mariah Carey, Britney Spears, Paulina Rubio, Jamelia and more. Later he was hired as a choreographer and worked on many music videos and tours in Canada and Asia. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 In 2003, Falk decided to stay in Los Angeles for good and pursue his dream of becoming an actor. He made his acting debut in the Emmy Award winning show Arrested Development (TV series)|Arrested Development in 2005. Small parts in Journeyman and numerous low-budget films followed. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 In 2008, Hentschel decided to create his own projects and wrote the short film Who is Bobby Domino, where he met his production partner Jesse Grce. The two of them went on to write and produce more short films, of which many entered some of the most prestigious film festivals in the world and won numerous accolades. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 In 2009, Falk landed his first big budget feature film role as Bernhard the assassin, co-starring next to Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz in Knight and Day. The following year, Falk played the role of drug addict Richard Conway on TNT’s The Closer, starring Kyra Sedgwick. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 In 2011, Hentschel played opposite singer Justin Bieber in the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode Targets of Obsession (Season 11, Episode 15).http://www.tv.com/csi/targets-of- obsession/episode/1370436/cast.html?tag =episode_header;cast He also played in the NCIS: Los Angeles episode Archangel (Season 2, Episode 13). https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 In 2013 he had a supporting role in White House Down where he played Motts, one of the mercenaries who take over the White House. He also starred in the Crackle original movie Extraction where he played Rudolf Martin, a terrorist linked to the National Defense Fund. He guest starred in one episode of the tv series Revenge as Gregor Hoffman. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 Hentschel plays the role of Bob in the film Transcendence (2014 film)|Transcendence (2014) starring Johnny Depp. He also guest starred in 3 episodes of The Ladies Restroom where he played the role of Dan. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Falk Hentschel - Career 1 He currently has a recurring role on the CBS legal drama Reckless (TV series)|Reckless playing Arliss Fulton. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

CRT TV - NTSC 1 After that date all NTSC standard televisions with analog-only tuners went dark unless fitted with a digital ATSC tuner, and the spectrum previously occupied by those analog channels was auctioned off by the United States' Federal Communications Commission for other uses. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Multi-standard television - NTSC playback in PAL countries 1 In order to be able to watch American video tapes, the people of Europe started to buy video recorders that would play back an NTSC video tape and convert the Chrominance|colour component of the video content to PAL, whilst leaving the number of lines the same, and the field rate, slightly slowed down in order to accommodate the exact 64 microsecond line length required for PAL. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Multi-standard television - NTSC playback in PAL countries 1 Newer TV sets would automatically accommodate the 60 Hertz vertical scan rate, and older TV sets needed a manual adjustment of the vertical hold. DVD players give the option of converting the whole signal to PAL standards complete with 50 Hertz scan rate. The results given by a modern DVD player can be quite pleasing when playing back an NTSC DVD. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Multi-standard television - PAL playback in NTSC countries 1 In the USA proper, the ability for an American TV set, or DVD player to play back a PAL DVD became widespread in the post Y2K period. By 2009 about 80% of DVD and TV setups in the United States could play a PAL DVD. So now a PAL DVD can be sold in the United States, without the need to issue the DVD, converted into NTSC. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler 1 A talented inventor of aviation equipment, Rentschler founded Pratt Whitney|Pratt Whitney Aircraft https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Early life 1 Rentschler was born on November 8, 1887 in Hamilton, Ohio to German-Americans George A. Rentschler and Phoebe Schwab, whose family owned the Republic Motor Car Co. that built Republic cars from 1910 until 1916. They were also principals in Hooven- Owens-Rentschler, and his brother Gordon S. Rentschler would become Chairman of Citigroup|National City Bank. The family resided in the Rentschler House, which has since been National Register of Historic Places|named a historic site. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Early life 1 He graduated from Princeton University in 1909 and worked in his family's businesses as a molder and machinist https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Aviator and engineer 1 Rentschler left the Army convinced that future aircraft would require lighter-weight engines with much greater power and higher reliability. His proposed design of an air-cooled engine flew in the face of conventional wisdom, which held that heavier liquid-cooled engines would power the future of aviation. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Aviator and engineer 1 Rentschler became president of the Wright Aeronautical Corporation and pressed for research into his idea. Unable to convince his board of directors, largely composed of investment bankers with little aviation knowledge, he resigned in 1924, and supported by old friend and Wright chief engineer George J. Mead, he developed a proposal for a high-powered air-cooled aircraft engine for the U.S. Navy. Admiral William A. Moffett promised to approve the purchase of such an engine. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 Rentschler approached the Pratt Whitney Measurement Systems|Pratt Whitney Machine Tool Company of Hartford, Connecticut with his idea. On July 23, 1925, they agreed to fund its development, creating the Pratt Whitney|Pratt Whitney Aircraft Company in which Rentschler and Mead had a controlling position. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 Pratt Whitney Aircraft's first engine, completed on Christmas Eve 1925, was named the Wasp by Faye Belden Rentschler, whom Frederick had married July 25, 1921 https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 In 1929, Rentschler ended his association with Pratt Whitney Machine Tool Company, but was allowed to keep the name Pratt Whitney Aircraft Company. Rentschler, Vought and Boeing formed the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. United Aircraft completed the first coast-to- coast passenger network in March of that year. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 In 1934, UATC was broken up, and its manufacturing interests east of the Mississippi River became United Aircraft|United Aircraft Corporation, headquartered in Hartford with Rentschler as president. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 Rentschler turned to developing jet engines after World War II. Pratt Whitney produced the Pratt Whitney J57|J57 jet engine in 1953. The engine was used to power the first B-52 Stratofortress in 1954. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Corporate executive 1 Rentschler remained as president of United Aircraft until his death on April 25, 1956 in Boca Raton, Florida. He is buried at Fairview Cemetery in Hartford. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Awards 1 In 1951, Rentschler was made an Officer of the Légion d'honneur “for his contribution to the progress of aeronautical science. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Awards 1 In 1958, the United States Air Force posthumously presented him with the Civilian Service Award for Exceptional Service as a pioneer in the development, research and manufacture of aircraft engines. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frederick Rentschler - Legacy 1 The airfield was decommissioned in 1995, and the land it was on was donated to the state of Connecticut in 1999.http://flightopedia.com/frederick- brant-rentschler.htm A stadium, also called Rentschler Field (stadium)|Rentschler Field, was built on the site and opened in 2003 as the home field for the University of Connecticut Connecticut Huskies football|football team. https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

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