1. Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., Ph.D. U.S. Navy (Ret.) Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) November 7, 2006 American Public Health Association 134 th Annual Meeting, Boston, MA. Global Earth Observations A New Approach to Prevention, Early Warning and More Rapid Problem-Solving Global Earth Observations A New Approach to Prevention, Early Warning and More Rapid Problem-Solving

3. WHO reports that about 25% of the total burden of disease can be attributed to environmental and occupational factors. Neonatal causes 37% Acute respiratory infections 19% Diarrheal diseases (post-neonatal) 17% Injuries 3% Other 10% Main Causes of Death Among Children Under Five World Health Report 2005 Malaria 8% HIV/AIDS 3% Measles 4% 2000 - 2003

4. DAY CASES - 120 Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003 Detection/ Reporting First CaseLab Confirmation Response Opportunity for control Outbreak Detection and Response

5. DAY CASES Opportunity for control Effective Health Early Warning - 120 Earth Observations and Monitoring Information Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003 Outreach and stakeholder involvement Detection/ Reporting First CaseLab Confirmation Response Opportunity for control

6. By altering the range and amount of rainfall and related changes in ecosystems, El Niño can have a striking effect on the incidence of malaria. Malaria Endemic Countries 2004 Malaria Endemic Countries 2004 NONE LIMITED RISK TRANSMISSION OCCURS WHO, 2004

7. Rainfall and Malaria Weekly Cases in Niger from 2001 to 2003 Precip (mm/day) Thiaw, W. – NOAA/OHHI

9. El Niño: Early Warning for Cholera

10. Sea Surface Temperature Linked to Cholera Sea Surface Temperature Linked to Cholera Bay of Bengal Lobitz et al. 2000 PNAS 97:1430

11. Dr. Rita Colwell Thinking Globally, Acting Locally

12. Sari Cloth Filtration Reduces Cholera Cases Fall, 2000 Sari Cloth Filtration Reduces Cholera Cases Fall, 2000 Dr. Rita Colwell Thinking Globally, Acting Locally

13. Lyme Disease: Predicting the Risk Larvae develop Larvae feed on infected host and becomes infected Larvae dormant over winter In spring, larvae molt into a nymph that transmits disease to a person or animal Nymph grows to adult tick Adult tick drops off host, lays eggs on the ground

14. Biodiversity Ecosystem Health Human Health Pharmaceutical promise Major source of protein… over a billion people rely on reef-related fisheries Natural barrier to storm surges and other natural events

15. A Global Earth Observation System of Systems GEOSS

16. From Observation to Action Achieving Comprehensive, Coordinated, and Sustained Earth Observations for the Benefit of Humankind

17. Algeria Argentina Australia Bahrain Belgium Belize Brazil Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Croatia Cyprus Denmark Egypt European Commission Finland France Germany Guinea-Bissau Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Latvia Luxembourg Malaysia Mali Mauritius Mexico Moldova Morocco Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niger Nigeria Norway Paraguay Philippines Portugal Republic of Korea Republic of the Congo Russian Federation Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sudan Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan www.earthobservations.org 66 Countries and the European Commission 43 Organizations

18. usgeo.gov U.S. Group on Earth Observations Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Institute for Standards and Technology Department of Defense U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Navy Air Force National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Department of State Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Smithsonian Institution Tennessee Valley Authority U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service U.S. Forest Service White House Council on Environmental Quality White House Office of Management and Budget White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

19. Value Added GEOSS

20. GEOSS Operating Principles Open and Transparent Process Standardized Practices and Protocols User-friendly Formats Interoperable Components

21. Mosquito Surveillance Social Factors Demographics Climate Global Observations Sea Surface Temperature Land Cover Land Use Other observations Local/Regional Observations Weather Disease Surveillance Applications, Products, Model Output GEONETCast  Malaria Case Example

22. Predictions, Warnings, Validation Decision-Making, Implementation Global Public Health Benefits Preparation, Response, Mitigation Malaria Case Example GEONETCast

23. The goal is to access the right information, in the right format, at the right time, for the right people, to make the right decisions. www.earthobservations.org