1. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 1 Andrew Shepherd 1, Duncan Wingham 2, Eric Rignot 3 1 Scott Polar Research Institute 2 University College London 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Warm ocean is eroding WAIS

2. 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 2 Andrew Shepherd 1, Duncan Wingham 2, Eric Rignot 3 1 Scott Polar Research Institute 2 University College London 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Warm ocean is eroding WAIS…consistently

3. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 3 Andrew Shepherd 1, Duncan Wingham 2, Eric Rignot 3 1 Scott Polar Research Institute 2 University College London 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Warm ocean is eroding WAIS…consistently…at a constant rate

4. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 4 Grounding line retreat

5. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 5 Elevation change (m / year) -3 0 Ice speed (km / year) 0 2.5 Grounded ice thinning

6. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 6 PIG acceleration Joughin et al., GRL, 2003

7. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 7 Ice shelf lowering

8. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 8 Ice shelf lowering

9. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 9 Ice shelf thinning

10. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 10 Steady state melting After Joughin et al., GRL, 2003

11. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 11 Net melting

12. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 12 Oceanographic data

13. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 13 Oceanographic data

14. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 14 Oceanographic data

15. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 15 Oceanographic data

16. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 16 Ocean melting

17. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 17 Glacier mass balance

18. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 18 Ice shelf mass balance

19. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 19 Total mass balance

20. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 20 Constant sea level rise

21. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 21 Constant sea level rise

22. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 22 Constant sea level rise

23. Warm ocean is eroding WAIS 1 st OctoberWAIS 2004 Slide 23 Constant sea level rise