2. Predicting Ionic Charges Group IA: Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions H+H+H+H+ Li + Na + K+K+K+K+

3. Predicting Ionic Charges Group IIA: Loses 2 electrons to form 2+ ions Be 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Sr 2+ Ba 2+

4. Predicting Ionic Charges Group 13: Group IIIA - Loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ions B 3+ Al 3+ Ga 3+

5. Predicting Ionic Charges Group IVA: loses 4 electrons or gains 4 electrons 4 electrons

6. Predicting Ionic Charges Group VA: Gains 3 electrons to form 3- ions N 3- P 3- As 3- Nitride Phosphide Arsenide

7. Predicting Ionic Charges Group 16: Group VIA: Gains 2 electrons to form 2- ions O 2- S 2- Se 2- Oxide Sulfide Selenide

8. Predicting Ionic Charges Group VIIA: Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions F 1- Cl 1- Br 1- Fluoride Chloride Bromide I 1- Iodide

9. Predicting Ionic Charges Group VIII: Stable Noble gases do not form ions!

10. Predicting Ionic Charges Groups 3 - 12: Groups 3 – 12: Many transition elements Groups 3 – 12: Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state. have more than one possible oxidation state. Iron(II) = Fe 2+ Iron(III) = Fe 3+

11. Predicting Ionic Charges Groups 3 – 12: Some transition elements Groups 3 – 12: Some transition elements have only one possible oxidation state. have only one possible oxidation state. Zinc = Zn 2+ Silver = Ag +

12. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Barium nitrate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Ba 2+ NO 3 - 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Not balanced! ( ) 2

13. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Ammonium sulfate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! NH 4 + SO 4 2- 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Not balanced! ( ) 2

14. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Iron(III) chloride 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Fe 3+ Cl - 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Not balanced! 3

15. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Aluminum sulfide 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Al 3+ S 2- 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Not balanced! 23

16. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Magnesium carbonate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Mg 2+ CO 3 2- 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. They are balanced!

17. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Zinc hydroxide 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Zn 2+ OH - 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion. Not balanced! ( ) 2

18. Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Aluminum phosphate 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Al 3+ PO 4 3- 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. They ARE balanced!

19. Naming Ionic Compounds 1. Cation first, then anion1. Cation first, then anion 2. Monatomic cation = name of the element2. Monatomic cation = name of the element Ca 2+ = calcium ionCa 2+ = calcium ion 3. Monatomic anion = root + -ide3. Monatomic anion = root + -ide Cl  = chlorideCl  = chloride CaCl 2 = calcium chlorideCaCl 2 = calcium chloride

20. Naming Ionic Compounds () Naming Ionic Compounds (continued)  some metal forms more than one cation  use Roman numeral in name PbCl 2 PbCl 2 Pb 2+ is the lead(II) cationPb 2+ is the lead(II) cation PbCl 2 = lead(II) chloridePbCl 2 = lead(II) chloride Metals with multiple oxidation states

21. Naming Binary Compounds  Compounds between two nonmetals  First element in the formula is named first.  Second element is named as if it were an anion.  Use prefixes  Only use mono on second element - P 2 O 5 = CO 2 = CO = N 2 O = diphosphorus pentoxide carbon dioxide carbon monoxide dinitrogen monoxide