1. Covalent and Ionic Bonding Mr Dunnum Physical Science

2. Compounds  When elements form a compound the compound has properties that are very different from those of the elements that make it.  A compound is formed with chemical bonds

3. Bonding  Atoms bond when their valence electrons interact.  The outermost energy level of a bonded atom is full of electrons.  These bonds can be bent and stretched without breaking.

4. Covalent Bonding CB is when electrons are shared Nonmetal +Nonmetal Metalloid +Nonmetal  1 st part of the name: write the name of the element, add the correct prefix if applicable (don’t add mono to 1 st element)  2 nd part of the name: use prefix and correct nonmetal ending (-ide)  Examples:  BCl 3 Boron Trichloride  N 2 O 5 Dinitrogen Pentoxide

5. Prefixes an suffixes  Prefixes – covalent compounds only  1 mono 2 nd only  2 di  3 tri  4 tetra  5 penta  6 hexa  7 septa  8 octa  9 nona  10 deca  Suffixes  -ide  Indicates binary compound  -ite/-ate  Indicates presence of a polyatomic ion containing oxygen  -ite always has one less O than –ate but the number of O varies

6. Elements GoldAu ZincZn CadmiumCd MercuryHg BoronB AluminumAl GalliumGa IndiumIn

7. Ionic Bonding Metal and Nonmetal Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons Ionic characteristics Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water Solid Ionic compounds have high melting point

8. Naming Ionic Compounds  Metal + Nonmetal  Write the name of the metal  Examples:  Fe 2 O 3 has Fe +3 ions, named iron (III) oxide  FeO has Fe +2 ions, named iron (II) oxide Transition elements (3-12) oxidation number may vary Zn is always +2 and Ag is always +1  Write the name of the nonmetal with the “-ide” ending  Examples:  LiF Lithium Fluoride  MgS Magnesium Sulfide -When naming them backwards cross check oxidation numbers(3-12)

9. Polyatomic Ions  Polyatomic Ions + Nonmetal (more than 2 elements)  When a polyatomic ion is present, write its name as is and use rule below for metal and nonmetal endings  Examples:  (NH 4 ) 2 S Ammonium sulfide  NaNO 3 Sodium nitrate (ending is polyatomic ion’s name)  (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Ammonium Sulfate

10.  An ion made of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and that act like a single ion, metal + nonmetal. Put parentheses around the group representing the polyatomic ion