1. Volume Median Diameters from a Medium Spray Quality Nozzle

2. Spray Volume in Small Droplets from a Medium Spray Quality Nozzle

3. Polymers l Used as drift control adjuvants/ deposition aids l Hundreds of products but only a few chemistries l Need to be sure of compatibility with nozzle type being used and tank mix partners - tests with water may not be representative l Many polymers increase VMD but also increase fines - need to look at entire droplet size spectrum l Many polymers break down when pumped giving change in performance over time

4. Transition From Spraying Water (Right) to 0.35 % Polyacrylamide Through Flat Fan Nozzle

5. Transition From Spraying Water (Right) to 0.35 % Polyacrylamide Through Disc-Core Nozzle

6. Transition From Spraying Water (Right) to 0.35 % Polyacrylamide Through Full Cone Nozzle

7. Roundup, flat fan

8. Polymer, flat fan

9. Pumped Polymer, flat fan

10. Fertilizer Effects l Some suggestions that fertilizers increase drift potential l Probably actually increase drift damage rather than drift exposure risk l Literature reports on increased activity of glyphosate with ammonium sulfate l SDTF conducted atomization tests showing no effect on droplet size spectra

15. Conclusions l Formulation effects on nozzle performance are important, influencing atomization, retention, efficacy and spray transport/ drift l Entire tank mix, not a.i. or formulation type, affects drift potential l Entire droplet size spectrum (especially “fine” end) important, not only VMD l Surfactants and crop oils have varying effects l Emulsions may improve spray pattern and increase droplet size

16. Conclusions l Some polymers broken down by pumping l Fertilizers have little effect on atomization l Some new nozzle designs may be more sensitive to formulation effects l Other effects: encapsulation, evaporation retardants, etc