1. Reproduction! Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
involves only 1 parent
offspring genetically identical to parent
involves regular body cells
It’s quick
Sexual Reproduction
involves 2 parents
offspring genetic mix of both parents
involves specialized sex cells
It’s slow

2. Asexual Reproduction Binary fission
happens in bacteria, amoeba, some algae
one parent cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells

3. Vegetative Reproduction
Vegetative Reproduction

4. Budding
 In this method a bud like projection is formed on the body of the organism. The bud then develops into a new
individual. It then separates from the parent and forms an independent individual. Ex: Hydra, Yeast etc.

5. Budding Budding happens in yeast, hydra, corals parent produces a bud
bud gets detached and develops into offspring which is identical to parent

6. Plantlets
New plant can grow on the leaf on the parent plant.

7. Tubers Tubers = enlarged part of underground stem that store food
Ex: Potatoes
Tuber info from

8. Runners Runners are side shoots which grow out from the parent plant.
Buds form at points along the runner and eventually these buds form roots and grow into new plants.
Examples: spider plant, strawberry

9. Cutting They can be placed in moist soil or water (and sometimes
Cuttings are small pieces of stem with some leaves attached, the new plant grows from this.
SQA- Describe ways of propagating flowering plants artificially by cuttings and graftings
Source
counties.cce.cornell.edu/.../propagation.htm
They can be placed in moist
soil or water (and sometimes
dipped in rooting
powder).

10. Fragmentation
New organism from part of the parent

11. Regeneration
Regeneration is when an organism can regrow a missing part.

12. Cloning
Cloning is the production of 1 or more individual plants or animals (whole or in part) that are genetically identical to an original plant or animal.
Some concerns are held for all forms of cloning, others are specific to one form or the other

13. Some Organisms do Both
most plants that produce seeds (sexual reproduction) can also reproduce asexually by things like cuttings or runners
this gives them an advantage for survival
mosses
sponges and hydra
Mosses produce asexual spores in the early part of their life cycle and then egg and sperm cells are produced in a later part of the same cycle.

14. What is needed for Sexual Reproduction?
Gametes: these are sex cells
Sperm Cell: holds the male DNA
Egg Cell: holds the female DNA
Sex Cells only have ½ the set of chromosomes
All other cells in our body are called autosomes and they have a full set of chromosomes.

15. Sexual Reproduction in Animals

16. Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Female Parts
Male Parts
(Pistil)
pollen (male) + ovule (female) → single-celled zygote → multi-celled embryo (contained in a seed) → new individual

17. Sexual Reproduction in Plants
stamen is the male part and contains pollen
pistil is the female part and contains ovule (eggs)
pollen grains from the anther are transferred to the stigma by the process of pollination
self pollination (plant pollinates its own eggs)
cross pollination (pollen from one plant pollinates another plants eggs)

18. Pollination
flowers are designed to lure insects to help with the pollination process
also wind, animals, birds can transport pollen

19. Which is Better? It depends!
Asexual Reproduction
advantages
does not require special cells or a lot of energy
can produce offspring quickly
in a stable environment creates large, thriving population
disadvantages
limited ability to adapt
face massive die-off if environment changes
Sexual Reproduction
advantages
lots of variation within a species
able to live in a variety of environmental settings
able to adapt to changes in the environment
disadvantages
needs time & energy
produce small populations