1. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION BY HOLLY TAO FEB. 13, 2008 AP BIOLOGY Tetanus

2. Basic Information Disease name: tetanus (also called lock jaw) Found… it is a global disease. Most cases found in India and nearby regions; large amount of infection in some parts of Africa and Malaysia. Significant presence on Eastern Asia Causative agent: Clostridium tetani

3. Clostridium tetani A gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria; Phylum: Firmicutes; Class: Clostridia; Order: Clostridiales; Family: Clostridiaceae; Genus: Clostridium; Species: Clostridium tetani

4. Transmission and Symptoms Spores exist in the feces of animals and humans, as well as human skin cells and contaminated heroin Symptoms: contraction of muscles; severity and areas of the body affected vary with each strain of the disease. - Ie. Generalized tetanus: (80% cases) a descending pattern: lockjaw/trismus, followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, and rigidity of pectoral and calf muscles. Also elevated temperature, sweating, elevated blood pressure, and episodic rapid heart rate. Frequent spasms.

5. Historical Significance and Other Facts Rust provides a prime breeding spot for spores Known to the people of ancient civilizations who associated the disease with war (metals prime breeding spot) The toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924 by Descombey and was used in WWII.