1. PARENTHESES AND BRACKETS

2. Parentheses Use parentheses to enclose material that is added to a sentence but is not considered of major importance. Examples: 1. Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) led India’s struggle for independence from British rule. 2. Mrs. Matsuo served us the sushi (soo’ sh ē ) that she had prepared. 3. You should try the orange juice. (It’s freshly squeezed.) 4. No, set that ladder (watch out!) over there. 5. My great-uncle Ed (he’s Grandma’s brother) is odd.

3. Brackets Use brackets to enclose an explanation or added information within quoted or parenthetical material. Examples: At the press conference, Detective Stamos stated, “We are following up on several leads regarding the [Mills Sporting Goods] robbery.” During the Revolutionary War, Mohawk leader Joseph Brant (his Indian name was Thayendanegea [1742-1807]) became a colonel in the British army.

4. Practice 1. The old fort it was used during the Civil War has been rebuilt and is open to the public. 2. The final speaker said, “If you don’t allow them the umpires to do their jobs, we might as well not play the games.” 3. The American writer Langston Hughes 1902-1967 is best known for his poetry. 4. Alligators use their feet and tails to dig water holes also called “gator holes” in marshy fields. 5. On the Sabbath my family eats braided bread called challah pronounced kha’le.

5. Answers 1. The old fort (it was used during the Civil War) has been rebuilt and is open to the public. 2. The final speaker said, “If you don’t allow them [the umpires] to do their jobs, we might as well not play the games.” 3. The American writer Langston Hughes (1902-1967) is best known for his poetry. 4. Alligators use their feet and tails to dig water holes (also called “gator holes”) in marshy fields. 5. On the Sabbath my family eats braided bread called challah (pronounced kha’le.)