1. Generation Grammars in Design

2. http: www.shapegrammar.org

3. Languages ● natural ● music, art, design ● formal – mathematics, logic ● programming ● types ● components ● semantics – meaning / function ● syntax – structure/form 3

4. Syntax ● primitive elements ● letters, phonemes ● alphabet ● vocabulary ● words, phrases, sentences ● grammar ● legal composition of vocabulary ● rules, operators 4

5. Semantics ● derived from syntax ● from vocabulary within a context ● dictionary lookup not sufficient 5

6. Grammars ● rules or operators ● define legal operations on syntax ● how vocabulary can be composed 6

7. Grammars for generation ● generate legal structures ● may be meaningless the house ate the purple aardvark 7

8. Grammars equivalence ● rewrite rules X → Y ● production systems if conditions then consequents if X then X and Y ≡ X → X, Y 8

9. Rewrite rules example M I M I UM I IM I U I UM I I UM I I I I M I U I U I U I UM I I U I I UM I I I I UM U I R1 R2 R1R2 R3R2 R1 R1: * I --> * I U R2: M * --> M * * R3: * I I I # --> * U # 9

10. Linguistic paradigm of design ● syntax ● vocabulary: components, assemblies ● grammar: composition rules ● semantics ● function: purpose, what object does design can be discussed as operations within a language 10

11. ● problem ● grammars ● from initial state ● apply grammar rules successively ● produce legal designs ● Universe of Discourse (UOD) Generation what configuration of design elements will constitute a design solution with a satisfactory performance 11

12. ● Stiny 1980 ● introduction to shape grammars ● language of forms ● spatial forms ● vocabulary – maximal lines ● four components ● finite set of shapes ● finite set of symbols ● finite set of shape grammar rules ● initial shape Shape Grammars 12

13. Shape Grammars Example Rule R2 Rule R1 13

14. Shape Grammars Example R2 Rule R1 Rule R2 R1 14

15. Shape Grammars Example R1 Rule R1 Initial shape R1 15

16. Polygon Constructive Rule Rule R1 single general rule – negative vectors + + + R1 16

17. ● shape grammars ● tables ● blocks ● Palladian villas ● Frank Lloyd Wright Houses ● set grammars ● EAVE ● Glenn Murcutt Examples of Design Grammars 17

18. shape grammars 18

19. shape grammars 19

20. Examples of Design Grammars 20

21. Examples of Design Grammars 21

22. Examples of Design Grammars 22

23. Examples of Design Grammars 23

24. ● specific vocabulary ● elements, materials ● specific grammar ● composition Style 24

25. ● state of a cell and its neighbours ● 1-D, 2-D, 3-D ● simple rules – cell survives or not ● Game of Life Cellular Automata 25

26. Cellular Automata 26 1-D2-D Von Neumman r = 1 2-D Moore r = 1

27. Cellular Automata 27 Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Inc., Champaign, IL.

28. 28 Cellular Automata Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Inc., Champaign, IL.

29. 29 Cellular Automata Kicinger, R. F. (2004). Emergent Engineering Design: Design Creativity and Optimality Inspired by Nature, PhD Dissertation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA

30. ● meaningful design solutions ● grammars syntactic only ● methods ● exhaustive search ● satisficing - optimization ● evolutionary approach ● Generate and Test ● simple approach Control of Generation 30

31. ● Dawkins ● biomorphs ● evolutionary programming ● shape grammars + evaluation Evolution 31

32. creative design ? 32