1. CHAPTER 12 SOCIAL JUSTICE COUNSELING/THERAPY

2. Multicultural Counseling
Multicultural counseling and therapy must be about
social justice
providing equal access and opportunity to all groups
being inclusive
removing individual and systemic barriers to fair mental health treatment
insuring that counseling/therapy services are directed at the micro, meso and macro levels of our society

3. Locus of Control
Internal control (IC) refers to people’s beliefs that reinforcements are contingent on their own actions and that they can shape their own fate
External control (EC) refers to people’s beliefs that reinforcing events occur independently of their actions and that the future is determined more by chance and luck.

4. Locus of Responsibility
This dimension measures the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system

5. Understanding Individual and Systemic Worldviews
Worldviews composed of our attitudes, values, opinions, and concepts, but they also affect how we think, define events, make decisions, and behave

6. Formation of Worldviews
Worldviews are formed on a continuum:
internal locus of responsibility (IC-IR), external locus of control
internal locus of responsibility (EC-IR), internal locus of control
external locus of responsibility (IC-ER), and external locus of control
external locus of responsibility (EC-ER)

7. Cultural Competence for Mental Health Agencies
1. Cultural Destructiveness: Programs that support oppression (e.g. Tuskeegee)
2. Cultural Incapacity: Not intentionally destructive but still believe in White superiority
3. Cultural Blindness: All people are the same and Western helping methods are applicable
cultural competence for mental health agencies

8. Cultural Competence for Mental Health Agencies
4. Cultural Precompetence: Looked at “artifacts” seeing weaknesses in serving minorities
5. Cultural Competence: Diverse staff at all levels—higher stages of cultural identity awareness
6. Cultural Proficiency: Very rare—high levels of cultural competence—seek knowledge to develop better practices
cultural competence for mental health agencies