1. REACTIVE CHEMICALS

2. NATURE OF THE HAZARD GENERAL CATEGORIES: 1. REDOX REACTIONS 2. EXPLOSIVES 3. PYROPHORIC AND WATER REACTIVE

3. 1. REDOX REACTIONS a. General Chemistry Review Definition / types Example reaction / oxidation #’s Oxidizing agents (oxidizers)

4. b. Properties of Oxidizers Increase burning rate of combustibles (redox rxn) Involved in exothermic redox reactions Decompose to O 2 to support combustion ** Do not store oxidizers with combustibles

5. c. Factors Affecting Redox Rxn Rate Temperature Pressure Particle Size of Combustibles d. Examples of Oxidizers

6. PEROXIDES General Formula (R-O-O-R) Examples Hydrogen Peroxide Sodium Peroxide

7. PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS See article by Nagel Ethers NITRIC ACID, NITRATES, NITRITES Nitric acid Gun powder

8. AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS Ammonium Nitrate Primary use S.S. Grandcamp Accident, Texas City, Texas, 1947 (see Nagel article)

9. OXYGENATED HALOGENS Oxygenated Chlorine Perchloric Acid Uses Hazards e. Examples of Reducing Agents HYDRAZINE (N 2 H 4 ) Uses / hazards

10. 2. EXPLOSIVES a. Definition Substance that detonates spontaneously or as a result of friction, mechanical impact, or heat.

11. b. Characteristics of Explosives Rapid redox reaction Products are simple (stable) gases Very exothermic Explain why shock wave created? Atmospheric O 2 often not required Explosive substance contains both oxidizing agent and reducing agent

12. c. Examples of Explosives Nitroglycerin- Nitrocellulose- Trinitrotoluene (TNT)- Picric Acid-

13. 3. Pyrophoric Chemicals a. Definition Substances that oxidize in air and ignite spontaneously. Most are also water reactive. b. Examples Alkali Metals – Na, K Powdered Metals- Al, Mg, Zn

14. Properties of Sodium Metal Rxn with O 2 Rxn with water Hazards Comparison to reactions of K, Li ** Remember common precautionary measures and emergency procedures when handling reactives !!