1. Bone Markings
-Bone markings can be classified as either a depression, a projection that helps forms joints (articulation), or projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment.
*see page 115 Table 5.1 in text book for further reference.

2. Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
Tuberosity
Crest
Large rounded projection, may be roughened.
Palpable
Ex. Tibial Tuberosity
Narrow ridge of bone usually prominent.
Palpable
Ex. Iliac Crest

3. Very large, blunt irregular shaped process.
Trochanter
Line
Very large, blunt irregular shaped process.
Palpable
Ex. Greater and lesser Trochanter of the Femur
Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest.
Not Palpable
Intertrochanteric Line

4. Raised area on or above a condyle. Is a site of ligament attachment
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle.
Is a site of ligament attachment
Palpable
Ex. Medial and Lateral epicondyle of the Humerus
Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
Palpable
Ex. Greater and lesser tubercle of the Humerus

5. Sharp, slender often pointed projection.
Spine
Ramus
Arm-like bar of bone
Palpable
Ex. Mandibular Ramus
Sharp, slender often pointed projection.
Palpable
Ex. Scapular Spine

6. Projections that help to form Joints (articulation)
Head
Facet
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
Not palpable in the Femur or Humerus, but is palpable in the Radius
Ex. Femoral Head
Smooth nearly flat articular surface.
Not Palpable
Ex. Rib Facet ( connects to the vertebrae)

7. Rounded articular projection
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
Palpable
Ex. Femoral condyle

8. Depressions (allow passage of blood vessels and nerves)
Meatus
Sinus
Canal-like passage way
Palpable
Ex. External Auditory Meatus
Cavity within a bone filled with air and lined with mucous membrane.
Not Palpable
Ex. Sinus in Cranium

9. Fossa Groove Slit-like furrow
Not Palpable
Ex. Bicipital Groove in Humerus
Shallow basin-like depression in bone, often serving as an articular surface.
Not Palpable
Ex. Glenoid Fossa in Scapula

10. Narrow slit-like opening Allows for blood vessel and nerve passage.
Fissure
Foramen
Narrow slit-like opening
Allows for blood vessel and nerve passage.
Not Palpable
Ex. Located in Skull
Round or oval opening through bone.
Not Palpable
Ex. Vertebral Foramen.

11. Picture Sources

12. Bibliography
Marieb, E. N. (2000). Overview of the Skeleton. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 47). Reading: An Imprint of Addison Wesley Longman Inc. .