1. How do enzymes help to regulate life functions? Read enzyme article.

2. Name of compound Building block Chemical formula FunctionExamples of Carbs Lipids Proteins

3. Why are they important? They control chemical reactions in living things

4. What is a catalyst? any substance that brings about a chemical reaction without being changed itself.

5. ENZYMEs!

6. What is an enzyme? PROTEIN Speed up CHEMICAL REACTIONsSpeed up CHEMICAL REACTIONs name- describe what it does (-ase)

7. Examples: Enzyme that splits maltose into 2 glucose: MALTASE Enzymes that breaks protein into a.a.’s PROTEASE Enzyme that breaks up lipids : LIPASE

8. NON- PROTEIN COENZYMES. EITHER EXCLUSIVELY PROTEINS OR PROTEINS WITH NON- PROTEIN PARTS CALLED COENZYMES. VITAMINS VITAMINS usually function as coenzymes.

9. How do enzymes work? DO NOW DO NOW: 1.Define a protein. 2.List 3 reasons why we need proteins? 3.Which element is found in proteins, but not in lipids and carbohydrates?

10. Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions, by 1,000,000x

11. The ability of an enzyme to act as a catalyst = depends on shape Enzymes are used again and againEnzymes are used again and again then recycledthen recycled.

12. Every enzyme regulates a Every enzyme regulates a specific reaction. There is an active site where the actual chemical reaction takes place reaction takes place. ex. Enzyme A can only regulate Substrate A

13. ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX **Forms an -ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX SUBSTRATE ACTIVE SITE NEW SUBSTANCE 2 molecules become one!

14. ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULES WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT. SUBSTRATE ENZYME LOCK & KEY MODEL ACTIVE SITE 1 molecule becomes two!

15. Induced fit model

16. What affects how well an enzyme works? DO NOW: Answer #1-6 HW: finish worksheet

17. What factors regulate enzyme function? 1. pH 2. temperature 3. substrate/enzyme concentrations

18. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action 1.pH: The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7. Exceptions Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease) Pepsin works best at pH of 3 Trypsin (intestinal protease) Trypsin pH of 8

19. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action 2. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C. OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE DENATURES

20. DENATURATION DENATURATION= The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down. OPTIMUM OPTIMUM = Best temperature or pH for the particular reaction.

21. Which quadrant shows optimum enzyme activity?

22. Factors that Affect ENZYME Action 3. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate: -Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other. - adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached when all enzymes are attached to substrate.

23. What’s happening in this graph?

25. 1. Identify A, C, D 2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent?

26. 1.39 min