1. Asexual Reproduction Bacteria, Protists, Fungi, and Animals

2. What is asexual reproduction? The formation of a new individual that has identical genetic information to its parent Mitosis and cell division are the basis for the asexual reproduction of many organisms

3. Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular organisms that do not contain a true nucleus. Organisms that do not have a nucleus are called prokaryotes

4. Asexual Reproduction of Bacteria Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission Binary fission: a parent cell divides so that each new cell contains a single chromosome carrying a complete set of DNA identical to that of the parent

5. Asexual reproduction in Protists Protists are unicellular and contains a nucleus If they contain a nucleus, what process do you think they require to reproduce asexually?

6. Asexual Reproduction in Fungi Some types of fungi are mould, yeast and mushrooms. They are composed of many thin filaments called hyphae which grow over the surface of and into the bodies of other organisms to obtain food. Fungi reproduce asexually through fragmentation, budding, and spores

7. Fragmentation Fragmentation: a small piece of fragment breaks away from the main mass hyphae and grows into a new individual. What must the fragment contain in order to develop into a new organism identical to its parent? What is yeast?

8. Yeast Yeast is a unicellular fungi often used to make bread or alcohol products. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding Budding: First, a copy of the nucleus is made. A tiny bud begins to form on the cell wall. This bud contains the new nucleus and continues to grow very large. It eventually breaks away to become a single cell.

9. Mould In order for mould to reproduce asexually, they have to reproduce spores Spore: is a reproductive cell that can grow into a new individual through mitotic cell division. They are stored in a case called a sporangium.

10. Asexual Reproduction in Animals Animals are classified as vertebrates and invertebrates Invertebrates can reproduce asexually to form one or more identical offspring from a single parent.

11. Animals Planaria are a type of flatworm that reproduce asexually by dividing into two and regenerating the missing parts. Sponges and hydras reproduce asexually by budding. A cell, usually near the base of the organism undergoes mitosis and cell division to produce a new cell or a bud. When the bud has completed its development, it will separate.

12. Asexual Reproduction in Plants Plants reproduce asexually by mitotic cell division where each new plant will have the same DNA as its parent. What is the difference between the growth of animals and plants?

13. The Basis of Asexual Reproduction in Plants Plants continue to grow throughout their lives The tips of their roots and stems contain growing areas called meristem. Meristem is made up of unspecialized cells that undergo mitosis and cell division repeatedly, producing new cells. A way of spreading plants is by cutting lengths of parent stems to make exact copies This is called cloning, the process by which identical offspring are produced from a single cell or tissue.

14. New Plants from roots Meristem cells divide mitotically to produce stems, leaves and other roots. Why is it so hard to get rid of dandelions?

15. New plants from Stems In some plants, meristematic cells in the stem can divide to produce cells that will become a new plant. Strawberries have special stems called runners and they grow from the tips of these cells

16. Layering: a technique which uses the ability of some plants to reproduce more easily from stems than from other plants. A branch of the parent plant is bent down to the ground and covered in soil. Roots will grow from the buried stem and the exposed tip will begin to grow.

17. Grafting: a technique used to asexually reproduce stems of plants. Stems from plants are attached or grafted to the stock of related or similar plants.

18. Tissue Culture Tissue culture is a technique used to make identical plants grow quickly and economically. They take specialized cells from the plant and grow them in a special solution in the laboratory.