1. Rocks
Rocks are made of minerals

2. 3 Types of Rocks

3. Igneous Rocks
Are formed from the cooling of melted rock

4. Intrusive igneous rock
Produced when melted rock (magma) is cooled below Earth’s surface.
Light or dark colored
Takes millions of years to form
Rocks have large crystals from slowly cooled magma.
Examples: Gabbro, granite

5. Extrusive Igneous Rock
produced when melted rock cooled (Lava) is cooled above Earth’s surface.
• Light or Dark colored
Cools quickly before large crystals can form.
Formed by volcanoes erupting or large cracks opening up and lava oozing out.
Usually smooth, glassy appearance
May have holes.

6. Extrusive Igneous Rock
Examples:
1)Basalt, has holes and is most common
2) Obsidian cools very quickly and is glassy.
3) Rhyolite is similar to granite but has no visible crystals.

7. Sedimentary Rocks
are formed from broken pieces of rock, shells, mineral grains that make up sediment and collect in layers.
Sediment is carried by wind, ice, gravity or water and is deposited.
It takes thousands to millions of years to form sedimentary rocks.

10. Detrital rocks
made of minerals or other rocks that have been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind.
Weight of sediment above them and other minerals dissolved in water squeeze the sediment to form rocks.
Identified by size of grains.

11. Examples of Detrital Rocks
Shale- have small grains that cannot be seen.
Sandstone - is made of larger sand sized grains.
Conglomerates - are made from pebbles cemented together with other sediment.

12. Chemical Rocks-
form when water rich in minerals evaporates.

13. Organic Rocks
from living organisms that have died, piled up and compressed over millions of years.
Examples- coal, chalk, and limestone.

14. Metamorphic Rocks
are new rocks that are formed when existing rocks are heated or squeeze under pressure.
Metamorphic – means to change form
Can form from igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks.

15. Foliated rocks-
have been heated or pressurized into visible layers or grains of minerals that are often different colors.
Examples: slate, gneiss formed from granite, phylitte, and schist.

16. Non- foliated rocks- do not have distinct layers or bands. Examples:
quartizite formed from sandstone after it has been heated and put under pressure.
Marble formed from limestone, and soapstone.

17. Rock Cycle Animation

18. The Rock Cycle

19. The Rock Cycle

20. Rock identification