1. See the lovely birch in the meadow, Curly leaves all dancing when the wind blows. Loo-lee-loo, when the wind blows, Loo-lee-loo, when the wind blows. The birch-tree

2. 4 Examples – inspired by folk music Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 4, fourth mvmt. Copland’s Appalachian Spring, seventh mvmt. Chopin’s Mazurka, Opus 63, No. 4 Granados’ 12 Danzas Espanol, No. 5, Andaluza All are Romantic Composers: 19 th century, emphasis away from intellectual, greater stress on emotions and feelings

3. Tchaikovsky Russian composer, 1840-1893 Best known for his ballets: Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker Operas - Eugene Onegin and Queen of Spades Inspired by European music, especially Mozart

4. Symphone No.4, 4 th Mvmt. Composed after his divorce Much more expressive and emotive than first three symphonies Uses Russian folk tune “Birch Tree” as main theme Nationalism – was he or wasn’t he a nationalist?

5. Vocabulary Movement: one part of a larger composition that is relatively complete and independent. Theme: a melody that assumes importance in a composition because of its central and continued use. Nationalism: second half of 19 th century, composer should use folk melodies and rhythms

6. Aaron Copland American Composer, 1900-1990 Known for his ballets and operas: Billy the Kid, Rodeo, The Tender Land Also had successful conducting career Composed at the piano Martha Graham: dancer and choreographer - 1944 Appalachian Spring

7. Appalachian Spring Copland’s most famous ballet Used famous Shaker Tune in 7 th movement: “Simple Gifts” and variations Later scored it for orchestra – now performed more as orchestra suite than ballet

8. 'Tis the gift to be simple, 'tis the gift to be free, 'Tis the gift to come down where we ought to be, And when we find ourselves in the place just right, 'Twill be in the valley of love and delight. When true simplicity is gain'd, To bow and to bend we shan't be asham'd, To turn, turn will be our delight, Till by turning, turning we come round right.

9. Vocabulary Variations: the modification or transformation of a musical idea (theme/melody) in a way that retains essential feature of the original Shaker: a religious sect dedicated to achieving perfection by abstaining from sin, women also spiritual leaders

10. Frédéric Chopin Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, 1818-1849 Child prodigy, his music is known for its expressive and romantic melodies preferred to perform in private salons Taught piano lessons in Paris Composed almost exclusively for piano

11. Mazurka, Opus 63, no. 3 Chopin composed over 50 Mazurkas Never gave titles to his compositions Always in a triple meter Great use of rubato Highly technical but also expressive

12. Vocabulary Rubato: a flexible tempo according to musical expression. Opus: used with a number to indicate the chronological order of a composer’s entire output. Salon: a gathering of intellectuals to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation.

13. Enrique Granados Spanish composer and pianist, 1867-1916 Known mostly for his piano works, but also wrote 6 operas Founded a piano school Much of his work was published after his death Not know for his work ethic

14. 12 Danzas Espanola No. 5 Andaluza Inspired by Spanish folk music Published individually without titles Andaluza is a region in Spain known for its Flamenco The piano is percussive and also fluid Later this work was scored for guitar

15. Granados was inspired by Francisco Goya – a Spanish painter Spring The Milkmaid