1. Interoperable Information System of Systems for HTAP Rudolf B. Husar and Rich Scheffe With Erin Robinson Presented at HTAP Workshop, WMO, Geneva, January 26, 2006

2. Approach: HTAP as a Learning Organization Information System Approach: Guiding Idea: Refine, solidify, evangelize the System of Systems idea Methods and Tools: Develop, promote, use standards; SoS use cases Infrastructure: Maintain middleware; embrace Web 2.0 Based on P. Senge et. al, 1994: Architecture of Learning Organizations (Link) Architecture of Learning OrganizationsLink Guiding Idea: System of Systems Methods, Tools: Standards, Use Cases Infrastructure: Middleware, Web 2.0 Domain of Action Organizational Architecture

3. The HTAP - GEOSS Stakeholders are autonomous countries, organizations Diverse perspectives on the issues, solutions Recognition of the need to understand, act Pollution sources and impacts are hemispheric Observations and models are ready for integration Information integration is key to success Hence GEOSS is a good system model for HTAP HTAP is a suitable use case for GEOSS Some Characteristics of System of Systems (SoS) Autonomous constituents managed independently Independent evolution of each constituent Displays emergent (novel, unpredictable) behavior

4. Generic Decision Support for Air Quality Decisions Global Earth Observing System of Systems GEOSS Architecture Framework Knowledge into the Minds of Policy Analysts Knowledge into the Minds of Technical Analysts Observations Reports: Models, Forecasts, Obs. Evidence Models Decisions Knowledge into the Minds of Decision- making managers Decision Support System

5. Interoperability: Connecting Machines and People IP – Internet Protocol Open Architecture Data Standards Service Based Amplify Individuals Connect Minds Interoperability Stack: Key concept of the Web System components have to be interoperable at each layer

6. Interoperability – Necessary for SoS

7. What few things must be the same so that everything else can be different? WCS/W MS Ap p Are WCS/WMS Space- Time-Parameter queries a Convergence Protocols? Convergence Protocols

8. Value-Adding Processes in HTAP Integrated DataDatasets Std. Interface Data Views Std. Interface Data Control Reports Obs. & ModelsDecision Support System Analyzing Filter/Integrate Aggregate/Fuse Assimilate Organizing Document Structure Format Exploring Display Browse Compare Value-Adding Processes Data ManagerTechnical Analysts DB SystemAnalysis SystemReporting System

9. Loosely Coupled Data Access through Standard Protocols OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) Client request Capabilities Server returns Capabilities and data ‘Profile’ Client requests data by ‘where, when, what’ query Server returns data ‘cube’ in requested format GetCapabilities GetData Capabilities, ‘Profile’ Data Where? When? What? Which Format? Server Back End Std. Interface Client Front End Std. Interface QueryGetData Standards Where?BBOXOGC, ISO When?TimeOGC, ISO What?TemperatureCF FormatnetCDF, HDF..CF, EOS, OGC T2T1 Integrated DataDatasets Std. Interface Data Views Std. Interface Data Control Reports Obs. & ModelsDecision Support System

10. Web Services and Workflow for Loose Coupling Integrated DataDatasets Std. Interface Data Views Std. Interface Data Control Reports Obs. & ModelsDecision Support System Service Broker Service Provider Publish Find Bind Service User Web Service Interaction Service Chaining & Workflow

11. Collaborative Reporting and Dynamic Delivery Integrated DataDatasets Std. Interface Data Views Std. Interface Data Control Reports Obs. & ModelsDecision Support System Co Writing - Wiki Screencast Analysis Reports: Information supplied by many Needs continuous program feedback Report needs many authors Wiki technologies are for collaborative writing Dynamic Delivery: Much of the content is dynamic Animated presentations are compelling Movies and screencasts are for dynamic delivery

12. NSF: The Fifth Cyber-Dimension Characteristics of a 5D World The 5D World is Flat –Information is the primary driver for progress –Time and place are no longer barriers to participation –Access is open to specialists and non-specialists alike The 5D World is Expanding –New capabilities, resources, mechanisms –More spaces for learning and innovation –More opportunities for collaboration (emergence)

13. From GADS to IGOS/GEOSS Information Systems Example AeroCom 1990 2006 2012? Recognize, exploit SoS Characteristics: No stakeholder has complete SoS insight Central control is limited -> distributed Users involved throughout the life of SoS Approach Use and build on existing systems Transform data to information for society Use open standards, shared architecture

14. Imagine 1012 A 20-fold increase in Earth Science Capabilities? More Data 2x sensor x 6x networking = 12x Powerful Tools 2x power x 3x workflow = 6x Better Ideas 1x individ. x 2x group = 2x Individually: 5x collectively: 20x …again the confluence! Knowledge creation will be driven by the combination of data, tools and ideas Some changes will be driven by the digital revolution.. but the networking, workflow and group creativity is in the hands of the atmospheric science community

15. Imagine…More Shared Global Obs & Models 2012 More Global Data & Models 2006 Global Data & Models

16. Imagine…More Local Obs., Models, Knowledge 2012 More Local Obs., & Models Tacit Knowledge 2006 Obs & Models

17. Imagine…more tools

18. Apparent divergences? Organizations have different missions NPS Protect ecosystems, AQ WQ NASA Explore fundamental Earth System Properties USDA Protect/optimize Ag and forest resources EPA ( Protect human health & envi. Improve air, water, ecosystem CDC To promote health and quality of life …. NOAA To understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and …

19. Collaboration (culture) empire building? Observation technologies {e.g., satellites} Computational power Science, talent {embodied in AQ models and young geniuses } Budgets, agency collaboration resource/program accountability Accountability, ↓ regulatory assessments {e.g., NAS, CASAC} Information technologies {e.g., data sharing protocols} Alignment Stars aligned? Confluence, again..

20. HTAP 2005 Workgroup Summary Goal: Advance AQ model-observation system to level of met FDDA systems General Approach –Build Organizational frameworks : IGACO-EMEP efforts –Adopt model evaluation/fusion as a design principle Harness communities around tools, platforms and programs –AQ modeling platforms (GEOS-chem, MOZART, CMAQ,….more), Satellite Instruments (MODIS, OMI), Surface (AIRNow) and aircraft programs –Integration efforts (AEROCOM), Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Integration of disparate data bases –Integration & fusion of ground, aircraft and satellite obs. platforms) –Data base unification, QA/QC; Requirements; Metadata –Use cases: AeroCom, NAM model/obs comparison (2006-) Technologies (2006-): –Develop, testing of Convergence Protocols for SoS –Data access by space-time query (WCS) –Naming conventions (C. Textor)