1. Influence from ingredients Influence from ingredients W/C W/C Quantity of paste Quantity of paste Sp Sp Aggregates Aggregates Admixture Admixture Influence from environment Time Time Temperature Temperature Test condition Test condition Main influencing factors of Workability

2. 4.Aggregates Shape and surface texture Size distribution Large particle size Influence of aggregates Main influencing factors of Workability

3. Gravel or Pit Sand Coarse texture, multi-angle Low mobility Scree Smooth and Round High mobility Shape and Surface Texture The relationship betweenshape/surface textureand mobility is that: The relationship between shape/surface texture and mobility is that: Gravel or pit sand, coarse texture, multi-angle, cause low mobility. Gravel or pit sand, coarse texture, multi-angle, cause low mobility. Scree cause high mobility, with the smooth and round shape. Scree cause high mobility, with the smooth and round shape.

4. Large voidage ( W is certain) Proper size distribution Small voidage (W is certain) High mobility Poor size distribution Poor mobility Size Distribution The relationship between and mobility : The relationship between size distribution and mobility : proper, small pore (W is certain), high mobility proper size distribution, small pore (W is certain), high mobility poor large pore( W is certain), poor mobility poor size distribution, large pore( W is certain), poor mobility

5. Large particle size Small surface area (cement paste is certain) High mobility Large Particle Size The relationship between larger particle size and mobility : The relationship between larger particle size and mobility : larger particle size, smaller surface area (cement paste is certain), higher mobility larger particle size, smaller surface area (cement paste is certain), higher mobility