1. http://institute.nsta.org/web_seminars.asp NASA/NSTA Web Seminar: Lunar Exploration: Mapping the Moon LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

2. Mapping the Moon Anuradha Koratkar, Susan Hoban Albert Hill, Brendan Shaughnessy

3. Why do we need maps? To locate something To navigate to a certain location To explore a region To build something in an area To determine the boundaries of an area We need maps for multiple reasons

4. Why map the Moon? Longest Apollo mission was 12 days. Now this time around we plan to go for months to the Moon. We need to land safely, find a site for a habitat, and explore the surface. Need to know the lay of the land, or scientifically we need to know the lunar topology. Accurate maps are essential for exploration activities.

5. 1 m10 m100 m 1 km10 km100 km

6. How do we see an object? Talk on the telephone. Unmute by using *6

7. To “see” an object, radiation has to be reflected or transmitted from that object. To “see” an object, it must be about the same size or larger than the wavelength of the radiation that is used to see it. Light source Detector/Eye

8. How do we map something? Draw a picture Take a photograph

9. Can you estimate the size and height of some of the features by just looking at this picture?

10. How do we generate topographic maps? Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) is a technique used to determine the distance to an object or surface. LIDAR typically uses UV, visible or IR pulses.

12. Scattered light Receiver telescope (T r ) Basic operation of a LIDAR altimeter Range = c*(T r - T 0 )/2 Laser pulse transmitter (T 0 ) Satellite orbit Reference level

13. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ABCDEFG 3 clicks 6 clicks

14. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ABCDEFG

15. MOLA Topographic map of Mars

16. Poll question (a)1-2 m (b)1-2 km (c)5-8 km (d)5-8 m The average elevation of the southern highlands is?

18. Poll question (T/F) The nearside of the moon has less variation than the far-side of the moon. (a) True (b) False

19. Lay of the landResource availability Access Building costMaintenanceOther

20. We defined a matrix which helps us decide which site best fits our needs. We need to do a similar analysis to find a site to land on the Moon.

21. Factors that affect choice of site on the Moon Talk on the telephone. Unmute by using *6

22. Factors that affect choice of site Orbital mechanics Landing safety Mobility Power Communication In situ resources

23. Independent of the choice of site we will need accurate maps essential for landing safely and for exploration

24. Accuracy of <3m in elevation and <30m in the horizontal. The landing sites will be at a better accuracy (<1m vertical) Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission will determine global topography.

25. 1 m10 m100 m 1 km10 km100 km

26. If you have any questions let us discuss them on the discussion listserv. Flavio will send everyone a link to subscribe to it. For those of you working on earning two credits, there is homework. Flavio will send you a message with a link to it. Please send it in by 14 th Nov. 2006 See you at the next session on the 14 th of Nov. which will be: Water, Water Everywhere?