1. Learning Objective : Today we will make draw conclusions using evidence from text and prior knowledge. We will support it with evidence from the text or picture! Draw conclusion= an educated guess based on the evidence in the text or what you already know.

2. What are we going to analyze today? Text in chronological order! What are we going to inference today? Today we will inference text using evidence from the text and prior knowledge!

3. It is important to make inferences using evidence from text and prior knowledge because it will help us make an educated guess! What are other reasons it is important to make inferences from text and prior knowledge? To understand what we are reading! It will be tested!

4. Inference An educated guess based on the evidence in the text and what you already know. What do you think the weather is like or going to be based on how the little girl is dressed and what she is carrying?

5. Making Inferences When you read, you learn many new facts and ideas. Sometimes the facts and ideas that you need to learn are not stated directly in your textbook. You will need to make an inference. When you make an inference, you use the information you read and what you already know to figure out something that is not specifically stated in the text. Ask yourself questions about what you already know or have already read.

6. When should you make an inference? when it seems like something has been left out when connections or conclusions are unclear when the text raises questions but doesn't answer them

7. What types of questions should you ask? Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? If this statement is true, what else must be true? What is the author implying? Why would the author choose to include this information?

8. Let’s practice! "Maria blew out the candles and ripped open the colorful box." Why would someone act this way? What do we already know? Blowing out candles and opening presents are birthday traditions. So she must be having a birthday!!!

9. More inferences! "The scientist viewed the rings around Saturn through the night sky." If this statement is true, what else must be true? You can’t see the rings around Saturn if you just look up in the sky. What inference can we make? The telescope must have been invented and the scientist was using the instrument.

10. Last one! "Sarah needed her umbrella to get to school." What is the author implying? Umbrellas protect us from the rain. What do we already know? So what do you think is happening? It was raining where Sarah lives.

11. Let’s look at some pictures and make inferences!! Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? What do you think is happening or going to happen?

12. What Inference can you draw from this picture? Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? What do you think is happening?

13. Make an inference Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? What do you think is happening?

14. Steps to making inferences using evidenced from text and prior knowledge 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

15. Make Another Inference Miss White has recess duty. Jacob finds a frog, picks it up, and runs over to show it to Miss White. Miss White screams, jumps, and runs as fast as she can into the school. What can you infer from this passage? What are the “clues” in this passage? 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

16. Let’s infer the meaning of words! My mother had to sign a contract for the house she bought. She had to execute the contract by signing it. The loan agent called us to the office. A lady came out and asked for the executor. We did not know who she was referring to. She explained that the executor was my mother. Can you infer from the passage as to what an executor means? How do you know? 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

17. Let’s try this with multiple choice Village folk always advise me to run downhill if chased by a bear. They say bears find it easier to run uphill than down. I have yet to be chased by a bear, and will happily skip that experience. But I have seen a few of these mountain bears in India, and they are always fascinating to watch. What inference can you make about what the author will do if he is ever chased by a bear? a.He will climb up into a tree b.He will run downhill c.He will run uphill into the mountain d.He will stand his ground and not move 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

18. Let’s try this again He put his nose to the ground and sniffed his way along until he came to a large anthill. Here he began huffing and puffing, blowing rapidly in and out of his nostrils so that the dust from the anthill flew in all directions. But the anthill had been deserted, and so, grumbling, the bear made his way up a nearby plum tree. Soon he was perched high in the branches. It was then that he saw me. What inference can you make about the bear in this paragraph? a.The bear does not like ants b.The bear was bored c.The bear was looking for food d.The bear had a cold 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

19. Let’s practice with the following article!

23. On page 1, the word navigator is introduced in the text. Using inferencing, what do you think is the best definition of navigator? a. Someone who is a drives a car b. A car made by Lincoln c. Early explorers who used the stars to find their way around d. Tools used to help the sailors navigate around the ocean 1.Look at the picture or read the text. 2.Think about a time when this might have happened to you or someone you know. 3.Think about the following questions: Why would someone act this way? What are the likely consequences or effects of a certain action? 4.Make your inference about what is happening! Support your inference!

24. Why is it important to make inferences using evidence from text and prior knowledge. To help you understand the author’s message. What are some key questions you can ask yourself when inferencing?