1. Conflict Management and Mismanagement in Federal Systems Democratic Federalism – An Intensive Course offered to Iraqi University Faculty by the Forum of Federations – Amman, June 18 to July 5, 2007

2. Outline  Centralised states and plural societies  Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances  Conflicts and violent breakdown  Cooperation in the shadow of violence  Building trust  Unity and diversity  Ties that bind  Neighbourhood effects  Regional economies  Regional security complexes

3. States and plural societies Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances 2003 map of all groups that experienced discrimination www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/persecution.asp#discrimination

4. States and plural societies Democracy, authoritarianism and the management of grievances 2003 map of all groups that experienced repression www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/persecution.asp#discrimination

5. Centralised states and plural societies Conflicts and violent breakdown BBC programme: One day of war, monitors armed conflicts around the world http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/programmes/this_world/one_day_of_war/clickable_map/html/introduction.stm

6. Cooperation in the shadow of violence The problem of building trust  The impact of violence  The fragility of peace agreements  Security concerns and the commitment problem  The prospect of federalism  A tool to build trust?

7. Cooperation in the shadow of violence The imperatives of unity and diversity  Federations and rights protection  Territorial autonomy  Personal / cultural autonomy  Federations and the reconciliation of seemingly competing objectives  Federations, a first step to full sovereignty?

8. Cooperation in the shadow of violence The ties that bind  Creating national identities  Inclusive of all groups  Compatible with other identities  Creating mutual interests  Confidence-building measures  Promoting stability  Renewing the social contract

9. Neighbourhood effects  Particularly important in stabilizing/destabilizing countries that have experienced recent violence  Regional war / peace economies  Regional security / insecurity complexes