1. Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013 LIDAR at Arecibo Observatory and The Puerto Rico Photonics Institute Jonathan Friedman Shikha Raizada Craig Tepley Raul Garcia Freddy Perez and Joseph Serrano

2. What is LIDAR? Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

3. Why Different Colors? Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

4. Atmospheric Structure and LIDAR Meteor Region

5. What is the added value of lidar for Arecibo Observatory? The ISR is sensitive to ions The lidar is sensitive to neutral atoms and molecules, and one specific ion can be studied – Ca + Airglow can study specific height ranges, lidar can probe inside and outside those ranges. Under certain circumstances, lidar and radar, lidar and airglow, or all three can study the same parameters. This allows confirmation (or not) of measurements. Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

6. What do we study with lidar? Atmospheric Dynamics Atmospheric Chemistry Global Change Sun-Earth Interactions Also … – Sahara dust – Cirrus clouds – Water vapor Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

7. Ca + LIDAR Electrons Radar K LIDAR Simultaneous Lidar and Radar Observations from 2002 11-12 June 2002 12-13 June 2002 14-15 June 2002 Tepley et al., 2003

8. Temperatures, Neutral, and Ions Delgado et al., 2012

9. The Puerto Rico Photonics Institute The only center for photonics research, development, education and training in Puerto Rico. A magnet for industry A partner for research and education Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

10. What is Photonics Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013 Photonics is the manipulation of light for technology development, science, and other applications. It is used in Communications, navigation, displays, remote sensing, biotech, medical devices, defense, security, energy, astronomy, space weather, computing, lighting, materials processing, environment, transportation, entertainment, computer- aided design…

11. What tools does Photonics Employ? Lasers of all types ( from DVD players to welding ) Fiber optics Sensors, such as CCDs (a gift from astronomy) Electronics, to connect optical signals to devices Optical components (lenses, mirrors, etc.) Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

12. Photonics as a Career Fast-growing technologies ⇒ Workforce needs Fascinating work ⇒ Lasers, sensors, meta- materials, holograms, fibers, spectrum generation … High salaries ⇒ Orlando, FL photonics companies pay >$40k/year for technicians with AAS degrees & little experience Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

13. What is the Puerto Rico Photonics Institute (PRPI)? The only center for photonics research, development, education and training in Puerto Rico. A magnet for industry A partner for research and education Links:http://prpi.suagm.eduhttp://prpi.suagm.edu http://www.facebook.com/PRPhotonics Twitter: @PRPhotonics Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

14. Education and Training Certificates Associate Degrees Master’s Degrees Lasers, Fibers, Laser Gyros, Spectroscopy, Optical Design, Remote Sensing All courses will be taught in English All degrees and certificates will require research participation Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

15. Research Current – Remote Sensing ⇒ LIDAR at Arecibo, elsewhere – Aerospace Photonics ⇒ Laser gyroscopes for navigation and sensors Future – Space Weather ⇒ Monitoring stations, prediction center – High power lasers – Biophotonics ⇒ A hot field. We will look to add this to our research portfolio. – … Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

16. PRPI is supported by grants from … SUAGM $1.5M The Puerto Rico Science, Research, and Technology Trust $210K The Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company $273K MIT Draper Laboratory $65K ($130K) The National Science Foundation $660K Arecibo Observatory – 31 May 2013

17. Photo: Chris Gunn Photo ©Tachi Laboratory, U. Tokyo Photo: J. Friedman, Arecibo http://prpi.suagm.edu http://www.facebook.com/PRPhotonics Twitter: @PRPhotonics