1. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II1HNS-31689 10/23/2015 STANDARD INTERFACE FOR SATELLITE IP NETWORKS E. Laborde Hughes Network Systems, Inc. Germantown, MD 20876

2. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II2HNS-31689 10/23/2015 IPoS Standardization in TIA Work on the standardization of DIRECWAY ® started August 2002 with the creation of a Working Group within the Satellite Communications Division of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) The development of the standard was completed in August 2003 under the name IP over Satellite (IPoS) The IPoS ballot period ended October 8, 2003 –The IPoS standard was approved for publication without any negative votes IPoS was published by TIA on November 23, 2003 as the TIA-1008 standard

3. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II3HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Broadband Access Broadband Internet is one of the most commercially successful services offered by telecom operators today In general end-to-end IP services are provided to the user by a hierarchy of networks that includes: –An access network –A metropolitan network –The core, or backbone network Several broadband access networks have evolved for providing mainly IP services to the user: –DSL –Cable modem –Satellite

4. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II4HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Satellite Access Network Issues There are a number of issues related to IP satellite access networks: –Sharing the large investment in satellite resources –Exploiting the temporal fluctuations of traffic demands –Exploiting the asymmetry of satellite services –Exploiting the tolerance of IP services to delay –Provision of a secure environment –Transparency to higher protocol layers to avoid changes to the user host and Internet routers –Support of transmission rates comparable to those provided by competing technologies –Affordable and easy-to-use solutions

5. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II5HNS-31689 10/23/2015 IPoS Air Interface IPoS is the air interface between the remote terminals and the hub in the DIRECWAY satellite access network with a star, hub-and-spoke, topology. The elements in the DIRECWAY network are: –The hub segment consisting of the gateway interconnecting the satellite access network with the external networks, e.g., Internet, corporate, or private packet networks. –The space segment typically consists of commercial Ku ‑ band, bent ‑ pipe transponders on geosynchronous satellites, allowing transmission in both directions between the gateway and remote terminals. –The user segment is responsible for interfacing the user hosts or Personal Computers (PC) running the user applications at the customer premises.

6. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II6HNS-31689 10/23/2015 DIRECWAY Network Architecture

7. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II7HNS-31689 10/23/2015 IPoS Technical Characteristics The IPoS standard defines the interface between remote terminals and gateway; it includes the following features: –A clear separation of satellite-dependent and independent functions that enables the easy deployment of new applications –An architectural framework structured into three specific planes: user, control, and management –A layered protocol stack that separates physical (modulation, coding,..), logical (addressing, MAC headers,..), and procedures (bandwidth allocation, security,..) –Two directions of transmission: The outroute direction from the hub to the remote terminals The inroute direction from the remotes to the hub

8. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II8HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Protocol Reference Model

9. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II9HNS-31689 10/23/2015 IPoS Protocol Model

10. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II10HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Outroute MAC Encapsulation

11. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II11HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Inroute Framing Structure

12. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II12HNS-31689 10/23/2015 Inroute MAC Encapsulation

13. HUGHES PROPRIETARY II13HNS-31689 10/23/2015 IPoS Evolution The IPoS standard will evolve beyond its current version 01. New versions will incorporate the attributes that are part of the evolution of DIRECWAY: –Ka-band ODU –Inroute higher transmission rates of 0.5 and 1.0 Msps –DVD-S2 compatible outroute –Adaptive coding and modulation (ACM)