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Dr. M. Abd-Elhakeem Faculty of Biotechnology Organic Chemistry Chapter 2
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The nomenclature of organic molecules started with common or traditional name depending mainly on the origin in the history of the science or the natural sources of the compound. But the relationship of these names to each other is arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles.
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The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).systematicorganic chemical compoundsInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry every possible organic compound should have a name according to a number of rules
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1- The name of organic molecule is divided in to two parts Number of carbon atom Function group FUNCTIONAL GROUP – atom or group of atoms which gives an organic compound its characteristic chemical properties.
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Second partFirst part Function groupNo of carbon atoms Alkane ane Alkene ene Alkyne yne Alcohol anol Aldehyde anal Ketone anone Acid anoic Substitution yl 1. meth 2. eth 3.prop 4. but 5. pent 6.hex 7.hept 8. oct 9. non 10. dec In case of cyclic form add firstly cyclo-
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Propene Propanol
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3-pentanone 2-pentyne2-butanol 2- Put the lowest number that indicate the position of function group.
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3- In case of branched chain (this means there is one principle chain or parent chain and substitutions) A-The tallest chain is the parent B- Substitution must take the lowest number
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C- In case of more than one substitution the substituents with alphabetical priority has the lowest numbering D- Write name in alphabetical order 4- In case of presence of halogens (Cl, F, Br, I) write the name of the halogen (Chloro, Floro, Iodo, Bromo)
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order of group priority is alkane – alkene- alkyne – amine – alcohol – ketone – aldehyde - acid
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3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid
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Mono-substituents:
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Di-substituents
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Practice... OH CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C(OH)(CH 3 ) 2 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanol 2-methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanol
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A primary carbon has one other C directly bonded to it. A secondary carbon is directly bonded to two other C’s. A tertiary carbon is directly bonded to three other C’s. Multivalent atoms are 1º, 2º, or 3º by bonding to C’s. Univalent atom or group not really 1º, 2º, or 3º on its own - ID depends on type of carbon it is bonded to.
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