1. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 1 Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking

2. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.1 The Science of Statistics

3. 1 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

4. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.2 Two Types of Statistical Applications

5. 1 - 5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

6. 1 - 6 Example: Cost of physician exam Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

7. 1 - 7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Example MINITAB graph of the best-selling Girl Scout Cookies

8. 1 - 8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

9. 1 - 9 Example: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

10. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.3 Fundamental Elements of Statistics

11. 1 - 11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

12. 1 - 12 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

13. 1 - 13 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

14. 1 - 14 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

15. 1 - 15 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 1.2 A sample of voter registration cards for all registered voters

16. 1 - 16  Population: All diseased persons  Sample: 25 people selected at random  Experimental unit: One diseased person  Variable: White blood cell count Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

17. 1 - 17 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

18. 1 - 18 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

19. 1 - 19  Statistical inference might be that the population of ALL diseased individuals has a white blood cell count of 4200 plus or minus 75 with confidence level 95%. Roughly speaking, we are 95% confident that the true value of the population mean lies in the interval 4200 – 75 to 4200 + 75, I,e, in the interval [ 4125, 4275 ] Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

20. 1 - 20 An example from Hockey Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

21. 1 - 21 In the previous example …..  Population was all Manitobans  Sample was the 802 individuals polled  Inference was that 42% of ALL Manitobans believe that the players and owners are equally responsible  Measure of reliability was that the pollsters are 95% confident that the estimate of 42% is within 3.5% of the true value Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

22. 1 - 22 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

23. 1 - 23 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

24. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.4 Types of Data

25. 1 - 25 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

26. 1 - 26 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

27. 1 - 27 Example  Survey taken of 1000 StFX students. The information collected included Age Year Gender Major Whether or not they exercised regularly Weight Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

28. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.5 Two Different Methods of Collecting Data

29. 1 - 29 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

30. 1 - 30 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

31. 1 - 31 Example (Observational study)  In an effort to understand the link between weight gain and exercise, 100 students are followed for four years, and a record is kept of each student’s weight and the number of minutes they exercised weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

32. 1 - 32 Example (Designed experiment)  100 students are selected at random. Half if the students are placed on a regular exercise program and the other half do not participate in any exercise program. Each student’s weight is recorded weekly. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

33. 1 - 33 Example from the news last night Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

34. 1 - 34 Which type is best???  Each has advantages and disadvantages  Usually it is easier and less expensive to do an observational study  There may be ethical considerations which prohibit use of a designed experiment.  Designed experiments often lead to results with greater statistical significance. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

35. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. International Journal of Epidemiology

36. 1 - 36 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

37. 1 - 37 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

38. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking and Ethics 1.6

39. 1 - 39 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

40. 1 - 40 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

41. 1 - 41 Obvious problems with 0n-line polls Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

42. 1 - 42 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition

43. 1 - 43 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition