1. Flatworms
Phylum Platyhelminth

2. Endoparasite

3. Exoparasite / Ectoparasite

4. Life cycles
Most parasitic worms have more than one organism in their life cycle:
An intermediate host (the first), usually a mollusk
Sometimes there are multiple intermediate hosts
A final (definitive host), usually a vertebrate
These hosts are where sexual reproduction occurs

5. Clonorchis

6. Flatworms
Name means flat worm

7. Flatworm advancements
First animals to show bilateral symmetry
First animals to have 3 well defined germ layers (called tripoblastic)
Are considered acoelomate (no body cavity)
Simple sense organs with eye spots in some

8. Advancements, continued
First animals to show cephalization – having a clear and defined head with most of the important structures found there
First to have an excretory system
First to have a circulatory system with blood

9. Characteristics
Oral and genital structures found mostly on the ventral surface
Digestive system incomplete
Simple sense organs
Nervous system with a central processor (brain)
Most organisms monoecious, some with complicated life cycles

10. Class Turbellaria Planarians Free living
Most often found in fresh water
Eyespots sense light

11. Some can split asexually by fission

12. Planarian

13. Planarian Pharynx is responsible for obtaining food
Extends out and releases proteolytic enzymes (breaks down protein)
External digestion

14. Class Trematoda Parasitic flukes Generally endoparasites
Poorly developed sense organs
Generally have suckers but no hooks

15. Life cycle of the liver fluke

16. Fluke

17. Paragonimus westermani
The lung fluke parasite
Causes paragonimiasis

18. Clonorchis

19. Clonorchis
Common in the Orient
Can cause cirrhosis of the liver

20. Schistosomiasis

21. Schistosomiasis Blood fluke 200 million people infected
Causes severe dysentery, anemia, bladder inflammation and brain damage
There is also a kind that infects birds that causes “swimmer itch” a rash

22. Class Cestoda Tapeworms
Long flat bodies made up of an attachment head with hooks and suckers, called scolex
The scolex is followed by MANY reproductive segments called proglottids

23. Tapeworms Completely lack a digestive system and sense organs
Generally have more than one host

25. Tapeworm cyst in the liver

26. Beef Tapeworm Larvae shed from the human host are eaten by cattle
Larvae hatches and encysts in the muscle
People eat un- or undercooked meat and the larvae hatches in the intestines

28. Dog Tapeworm

29. Pork Tapeworm - Taenia solium

30. Question…… What is the world's longest parasite?
The world's longest parasite is the tapeworm so the next question is 'What is the world's longest tapeworm?'
The longest tapeworm ever removed from a human came out of Sally Mae Wallace on September 05, 1991.
In all, doctors pulled 37 feet of tapeworm out of Sally Mae Wallace's body
If you find all of this disgusting, be glad you're not a whale as tapeworms in whales can grow up to 120 feet long.

32. You need:
Planaria – digestive or plain
Clonorcis
Schistosome
Taenia