1. Bio 97 Midterm 2 Review Session October 26 th 2010 MSTB 118 5:30PM-7:30PM Emily Ling Talar Tfnakjian

2. Sample Problem – L7-1. George, Gregor Mendel’s friend and next-door neighbor, tries to repeat Mendel’s experiments. He obtains a true-breeding line of the wrinkled pea plants, but his line of round pea plants is not true-breeding. Some of his round pea plants when self-crossed give rise to wrinkled pea plants. He crosses a large number of his round pea plants with a large number of his wrinkled pea plants. Which genotype(s) would he expect to see in the F 1 progeny assuming that only one locus is determining this trait? (Remember that round is the dominant trait and that the alleles for this trait are denoted by W and w). A) WW only B) Ww only C) WW mainly and some Ww D) Ww mainly and some WW E) Ww mainly and some ww

3. Details Regarding Meiosis

4. Linked Genes Violate Mendel’s Second Law Mendel’s second law states that each gene segregates independently of others. Problem is we now know there are multiple genes that are on the same chromosome!

6. Non-disjunction Normal Case:

7. Non-disjunction Meiosis I

8. Non-disjunction Meiosis II

9. Compare the two types of non-disjunction

10. Things That Alter Mendelian Phenotypic and Genotypic Ratios

11. Sample Problem 21. A heterozygous round pea plant is crossed to a wrinkled pea plant. Among the progeny, there is the following phenotypic ratio: 2 very round : 2 slightly round : 1 wrinkled. Which of the following best explains this unexpected phenotypic ratio? A) Incomplete penetrance B) Variable expressivity C) Both incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity D) Incomplete dominance E) Complementation

12. Epistasis and Complementation

13. Epistasis More than one gene is affecting the phenotype In this example, two types of genes that are coding for different enzymes are responsible for the final color of the organism If you only had enzyme B (either as Bb or BB) but enzyme A’s genotype is aa, then what is the final phenotype?

14. Complementation Wildtype (specified, so read the question carefully) phenotype is restored

15. Sample Problem

16. Mutant Screens Mutant screens are followed by a complimentation test to determine where the gene mutations are located relative to each other (on the same chromosome or another one) Two types can occur: – Loss-of-function – Gain-of-function

17. Sample Problem L11-2. Wild-type yeast cells are red. Professor Yi isolates 6 mutant white cells: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. He performs a complementation test by crossing the mutants to each other and observes the following results: 1 X 3 = White 1 X 4 = Red 2 X 3 = Red 2 X 6 = White 3 X 5 = White 4 X 6 = Red (i) What is the phenotype of the progeny of a 1 X 5 cross? (ii)What is the phenotype of the progeny of a 2 X 5 cross? A) (i) White (ii) White B) (i) White (ii) Red C) (i) Red (ii) White D) (i) Red (ii) Red